Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
учащ. 1) копать, рыть; рыть землю рогами (о животных) 2) не давать покоя
English
frequentative: 1) to dig, root up the ground (of horned animals) 2) to give no peace, to pester
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Tags
frequentative
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: buqardize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Active
Class-based
Yes
System Information
Database ID
286431
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-05-14 16:53
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[wuq͡χːardulew wugo]/ |
/[juq͡χːardulej jigo]/ |
/[buq͡χːarduleb bugo]/ |
/[ruq͡χːardulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[wuq͡χːardulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[juq͡χːardulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[buq͡χːarduleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ruq͡χːardulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
вухъардана
/[wuq͡χːardana]/
0
|
йухъардана
/[juq͡χːardana]/
0
юхъардана
/[juq͡χːardana]/
0
|
бухъардана
/[buq͡χːardana]/
0
|
рухъардана
/[ruq͡χːardana]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вухъардичӀо
/[wuq͡χːardit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йухъардичӀо
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼo]/
0
юхъардичӀо
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бухъардичӀо
/[buq͡χːardit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
рухъардичӀо
/[ruq͡χːardit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вухъардила
/[wuq͡χːardila]/
0
|
йухъардила
/[juq͡χːardila]/
0
юхъардила
/[juq͡χːardila]/
0
|
бухъардила
/[buq͡χːardila]/
0
|
рухъардила
/[ruq͡χːardila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вухъардиларо
/[wuq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|
йухъардиларо
/[juq͡χːardilaro]/
0
юхъардиларо
/[juq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|
бухъардиларо
/[buq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|
рухъардиларо
/[ruq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вухъардула
/[wuq͡χːardula]/
0
|
йухъардула
/[juq͡χːardula]/
0
юхъардула
/[juq͡χːardula]/
0
|
бухъардула
/[buq͡χːardula]/
🔒
0
|
рухъардула
/[ruq͡χːardula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
вухъардуларо
/[wuq͡χːardularo]/
0
|
йухъардуларо
/[juq͡χːardularo]/
0
юхъардуларо
/[juq͡χːardularo]/
0
|
бухъардуларо
/[buq͡χːardularo]/
0
|
рухъардуларо
/[ruq͡χːardularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вухъардулаан
/[wuq͡χːardulajan]/
0
|
йухъардулаан
/[juq͡χːardulajan]/
0
юхъардулаан
/[juq͡χːardulaan]/
0
|
бухъардулаан
/[buq͡χːardulajan]/
0
|
рухъардулаан
/[ruq͡χːardulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вухъардулароан
/[wuq͡χːardularojan]/
0
|
йухъардулароан
/[juq͡χːardularojan]/
0
юхъардулароан
/[juq͡χːardularoan]/
0
|
бухъардулароан
/[buq͡χːardularojan]/
0
|
рухъардулароан
/[ruq͡χːardularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вухъарде
/[wuq͡χːarde]/
0
|
йухъарде
/[juq͡χːarde]/
0
юхъарде
/[juq͡χːarde]/
0
|
бухъарде
/[buq͡χːarde]/
🔒
0
|
рухъарде
/[ruq͡χːarde]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вухъардуге
/[wuq͡χːarduge]/
0
|
йухъардуге
/[juq͡χːarduge]/
0
юхъардуге
/[juq͡χːarduge]/
0
|
бухъардуге
/[buq͡χːarduge]/
0
|
рухъардуге
/[ruq͡χːarduge]/
0
|
| Optative |
вухъардеги
/[wuq͡χːardegi]/
0
|
йухъардеги
/[juq͡χːardegi]/
0
юхъардеги
/[juq͡χːardegi]/
0
|
бухъардеги
/[buq͡χːardegi]/
0
|
рухъардеги
/[ruq͡χːardegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вухъардугеги
/[wuq͡χːardugegi]/
0
|
йухъардугеги
/[juq͡χːardugegi]/
0
юхъардугеги
/[juq͡χːardugegi]/
0
|
бухъардугеги
/[buq͡χːardugegi]/
0
|
рухъардугеги
/[ruq͡χːardugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вухъардизин
/[wuq͡χːardizin]/
0
|
йухъардизин
/[juq͡χːardizin]/
0
юхъардизин
/[juq͡χːardizin]/
0
|
бухъардизин
/[buq͡χːardizin]/
0
|
рухъардизин
/[ruq͡χːardizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вухъардани
/[wuq͡χːardani]/
0
|
йухъардани
/[juq͡χːardani]/
0
юхъардани
/[juq͡χːardani]/
0
|
бухъардани
/[buq͡χːardani]/
0
|
рухъардани
/[ruq͡χːardani]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
вухъардичӀони
/[wuq͡χːardit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йухъардичӀони
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
юхъардичӀони
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бухъардичӀони
/[buq͡χːardit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
рухъардичӀони
/[ruq͡χːardit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вухъарданищ
/[wuq͡χːardaniʃː]/
0
|
йухъарданищ
/[juq͡χːardaniʃː]/
0
юхъарданищ
/[juq͡χːardaniʃː]/
0
|
бухъарданищ
/[buq͡χːardaniʃː]/
0
|
рухъарданищ
/[ruq͡χːardaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вухъардичӀищ
/[wuq͡χːardit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йухъардичӀищ
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
юхъардичӀищ
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бухъардичӀищ
/[buq͡χːardit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рухъардичӀищ
/[ruq͡χːardit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вухъардулищ
/[wuq͡χːarduliʃː]/
0
|
йухъардулищ
/[juq͡χːarduliʃː]/
0
юхъардулищ
/[juq͡χːarduliʃː]/
0
|
бухъардулищ
/[buq͡χːarduliʃː]/
0
|
рухъардулищ
/[ruq͡χːarduliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вухъардуларищ
/[wuq͡χːardulariʃː]/
0
|
йухъардуларищ
/[juq͡χːardulariʃː]/
0
юхъардуларищ
/[juq͡χːardulariʃː]/
0
|
бухъардуларищ
/[buq͡χːardulariʃː]/
0
|
рухъардуларищ
/[ruq͡χːardulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вухъардилищ
/[wuq͡χːardiliʃː]/
0
|
йухъардилищ
/[juq͡χːardiliʃː]/
0
юхъардилищ
/[juq͡χːardiliʃː]/
0
|
бухъардилищ
/[buq͡χːardiliʃː]/
0
|
рухъардилищ
/[ruq͡χːardiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вухъардиларищ
/[wuq͡χːardilariʃː]/
0
|
йухъардиларищ
/[juq͡χːardilariʃː]/
0
юхъардиларищ
/[juq͡χːardilariʃː]/
0
|
бухъардиларищ
/[buq͡χːardilariʃː]/
0
|
рухъардиларищ
/[ruq͡χːardilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вухъардарав
/[wuq͡χːardaraw]/
0
|
йухъардарай
/[juq͡χːardaraj]/
0
юхъардарай
/[juq͡χːardaraj]/
0
|
бухъардараб
/[buq͡χːardarab]/
0
|
рухъардарал
/[ruq͡χːardaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вухъардичӀев
/[wuq͡χːardit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йухъардичӀей
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼej]/
0
юхъардичӀей
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бухъардичӀеб
/[buq͡χːardit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
рухъардичӀел
/[ruq͡χːardit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
вухъардулев
/[wuq͡χːardulew]/
0
|
йухъардулей
/[juq͡χːardulej]/
0
юхъардулей
/[juq͡χːardulej]/
0
|
бухъардулеб
/[buq͡χːarduleb]/
🔒
4
|
рухъардулел
/[ruq͡χːardulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вухъардуларев
/[wuq͡χːardularew]/
0
|
йухъардуларей
/[juq͡χːardularej]/
0
юхъардуларей
/[juq͡χːardularej]/
0
|
бухъардулареб
/[buq͡χːardulareb]/
0
|
рухъардуларел
/[ruq͡χːardularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вухъардилев
/[wuq͡χːardilew]/
0
|
йухъардилей
/[juq͡χːardilej]/
0
юхъардилей
/[juq͡χːardilej]/
0
|
бухъардилеб
/[buq͡χːardileb]/
0
|
рухъардилел
/[ruq͡χːardilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вухъардиларев
/[wuq͡χːardilarew]/
0
|
йухъардиларей
/[juq͡χːardilarej]/
0
юхъардиларей
/[juq͡χːardilarej]/
0
|
бухъардилареб
/[buq͡χːardilareb]/
0
|
рухъардиларел
/[ruq͡χːardilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вухъардизехъин
/[wuq͡χːardizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йухъардизехъин
/[juq͡χːardizeq͡χːin]/
0
юхъардизехъин
/[juq͡χːardizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
бухъардизехъин
/[buq͡χːardizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
рухъардизехъин
/[ruq͡χːardizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вухъардизехъинро
/[wuq͡χːardizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йухъардизехъинро
/[juq͡χːardizeq͡χːinro]/
0
юхъардизехъинро
/[juq͡χːardizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бухъардизехъинро
/[buq͡χːardizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рухъардизехъинро
/[ruq͡χːardizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вухъардеяв
/[wuq͡χːardejaw]/
0
|
йухъардеяй
/[juq͡χːardejaj]/
0
юхъардеяй
/[juq͡χːardejaj]/
0
|
бухъардеяб
/[buq͡χːardejab]/
0
|
рухъардеял
/[ruq͡χːardejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вухъардарав
0
|
йухъардарай
0
юхъардарай
0
|
бухъардараб
0
|
рухъардарал
0
|
| Ergative |
вухъардарас
0
|
йухъардаралъ
0
юхъардаралъ
0
|
бухъардаралъ
0
|
рухъардараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вухъардарасул
0
|
йухъардаралъул
0
юхъардаралъул
0
|
бухъардаралъул
0
|
рухъардаразул
0
|
| Dative |
вухъардарасе
0
|
йухъардаралъе
0
юхъардаралъе
0
|
бухъардаралъе
0
|
рухъардаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вухъардарасда
0
|
йухъардаралъда
0
юхъардаралъда
0
|
бухъардаралъда
0
|
рухъардаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вухъардарасде
0
|
йухъардаралъде
0
юхъардаралъде
0
|
бухъардаралъде
0
|
рухъардаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вухъардарасдаса
0
|
йухъардаралъдаса
0
юхъардаралъдаса
0
|
бухъардаралъдаса
0
|
рухъардараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вухъардарасдасан
0
|
йухъардаралъдасан
0
юхъардаралъдасан
0
|
бухъардаралъдасан
0
|
рухъардараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вухъардарасухъ
0
|
йухъардаралъухъ
0
юхъардаралъухъ
0
|
бухъардаралъухъ
0
|
рухъардаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вухъардарасухъе
0
|
йухъардаралъухъе
0
юхъардаралъухъе
0
|
бухъардаралъухъе
0
|
рухъардаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вухъардарасухъа
0
|
йухъардаралъухъа
0
юхъардаралъухъа
0
|
бухъардаралъухъа
0
|
рухъардаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вухъардарасухъан
0
|
йухъардаралъухъан
0
юхъардаралъухъан
0
|
бухъардаралъухъан
0
|
рухъардаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вухъардарасулъ
0
|
йухъардаралъулъ
0
юхъардаралъулъ
0
|
бухъардаралъулъ
0
|
рухъардаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вухъардарасулъе
0
|
йухъардаралъулъе
0
юхъардаралъулъе
0
|
бухъардаралъулъе
0
|
рухъардаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вухъардарасулъа
0
|
йухъардаралъулъа
0
юхъардаралъулъа
0
|
бухъардаралъулъа
0
|
рухъардаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вухъардарасулъан
0
|
йухъардаралъулъан
0
юхъардаралъулъан
0
|
бухъардаралъулъан
0
|
рухъардаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вухъардарасукь
0
|
йухъардаралъукь
0
юхъардаралъукь
0
|
бухъардаралъукь
0
|
рухъардаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вухъардарасукье
0
|
йухъардаралъукье
0
юхъардаралъукье
0
|
бухъардаралъукье
0
|
рухъардаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вухъардарасукьа
0
|
йухъардаралъукьа
0
юхъардаралъукьа
0
|
бухъардаралъукьа
0
|
рухъардаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вухъардарасукьан
0
|
йухъардаралъукьан
0
юхъардаралъукьан
0
|
бухъардаралъукьан
0
|
рухъардаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вухъардун
/[wuq͡χːardun]/
0
|
йухъардун
/[juq͡χːardun]/
0
юхъардун
/[juq͡χːardun]/
0
|
бухъардун
/[buq͡χːardun]/
0
|
рухъардун
/[ruq͡χːardun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
вухъардун
/[wuq͡χːardun]/
0
|
йухъардун
/[juq͡χːardun]/
0
юхъардун
/[juq͡χːardun]/
0
|
бухъардун
/[buq͡χːardun]/
0
|
рухъардун
/[ruq͡χːardun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вухъардичӀого
/[wuq͡χːardit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йухъардичӀого
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
юхъардичӀого
/[juq͡χːardit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бухъардичӀого
/[buq͡χːardit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
рухъардичӀого
/[ruq͡χːardit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
вухъардулаго
/[wuq͡χːardulago]/
0
|
йухъардулаго
/[juq͡χːardulago]/
0
юхъардулаго
/[juq͡χːardulago]/
0
|
бухъардулаго
/[buq͡χːardulago]/
0
|
рухъардулаго
/[ruq͡χːardulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вухъардуларого
/[wuq͡χːardularogo]/
0
|
йухъардуларого
/[juq͡χːardularogo]/
0
юхъардуларого
/[juq͡χːardularogo]/
0
|
бухъардуларого
/[buq͡χːardularogo]/
0
|
рухъардуларого
/[ruq͡χːardularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вухъарди
/[wuq͡χːardi]/
0
|
йухъарди
/[juq͡χːardi]/
0
юхъарди
/[juq͡χːardi]/
0
|
бухъарди
/[buq͡χːardi]/
0
|
рухъарди
/[ruq͡χːardi]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
вухъардизе
/[wuq͡χːardize]/
0
|
йухъардизе
/[juq͡χːardize]/
0
юхъардизе
/[juq͡χːardize]/
0
|
бухъардизе
/[buq͡χːardize]/
0
|
рухъардизе
/[ruq͡χːardize]/
0
|
| Causative |
вухъардизавизе
/[wuq͡χːardizawize]/
0
|
йухъардизайизе
/[juq͡χːardizajize]/
0
юхъардизайизе
/[juq͡χːardizajize]/
0
|
бухъардизабизе
/[buq͡χːardizabize]/
0
|
рухъардизаризе
/[ruq͡χːardizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вухъардизавуларо
/[wuq͡χːardizawularo]/
0
|
йухъардизайуларо
/[juq͡χːardizajularo]/
0
юхъардизайуларо
/[juq͡χːardizajularo]/
0
|
бухъардизабуларо
/[buq͡χːardizabularo]/
0
|
рухъардизаруларо
/[ruq͡χːardizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вухъардиаризе
/[wuq͡χːardijarize]/
0
|
йухъардиаризе
/[juq͡χːardijarize]/
0
юхъардиаризе
/[juq͡χːardiarize]/
0
|
бухъардиаризе
/[buq͡χːardijarize]/
0
|
рухъардиаризе
/[ruq͡χːardijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вухъардиариларо
/[wuq͡χːardijarilaro]/
0
|
йухъардиариларо
/[juq͡χːardijarilaro]/
0
юхъардиариларо
/[juq͡χːardiarilaro]/
0
|
бухъардиариларо
/[buq͡χːardijarilaro]/
0
|
рухъардиариларо
/[ruq͡χːardijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вухъард-вухъардизе
/[wuq͡χːard-wuq͡χːardize]/
0
|
йухъард-йухъардизе
/[juq͡χːard-juq͡χːardize]/
0
юхъард-юхъардизе
/[juq͡χːard-juq͡χːardize]/
0
|
бухъард-бухъардизе
/[buq͡χːard-buq͡χːardize]/
0
|
рухъард-рухъардизе
/[ruq͡χːard-ruq͡χːardize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вухъард-вухъардиларо
/[wuq͡χːard-wuq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|
йухъард-йухъардиларо
/[juq͡χːard-juq͡χːardilaro]/
0
юхъард-юхъардиларо
/[juq͡χːard-juq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|
бухъард-бухъардиларо
/[buq͡χːard-buq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|
рухъард-рухъардиларо
/[ruq͡χːard-ruq͡χːardilaro]/
0
|