Personal Notes
Translations 2
🌐 Translations
Russian
1) задеть, уколоть, уязвить (о словах) 2) стрелять, колоть (о боли)
English
1) to sting, hurt, offend (of words) 2) to shoot, throb with sharp pain
Grammar
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: zunize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
290502
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-08-23 10:42
Attestation Count
0
Morphology 176
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
зунана
[zunana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
зуничӀо
[zunit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
зунила
[zunila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
зуниларо
[zunilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
зунула
[zunula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
зунуларо
[zunularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
зунулаан
[zunulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
зунулароан
[zunularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
/[zunun wukʼunarojan]/ |
/[zunun jikʼunarojan]/ |
/[zunun bukʼunarojan]/ |
/[zunun rukʼunarojan]/ |
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
/[zunizeq͡χːin wukʼana]/ |
/[zunizeq͡χːin jikʼana]/ |
/[zunizeq͡χːin bukʼana]/ |
/[zunizeq͡χːin rukʼana]/ |
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
/[zunizeq͡χːin wukʼint͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zunizeq͡χːin jikʼint͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zunizeq͡χːin bukʼint͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zunizeq͡χːin rukʼint͡ʃʼo]/ |
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
зуне
[zune]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
зунуге
[zunuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
зунеги
[zunegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
зунугеги
[zunugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
зунизин
[zunizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
зунани
[zunani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
зуничӀони
[zunit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
зунанищ
[zunaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зуничӀищ
[zunit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
зунулищ
[zunuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
зунуларищ
[zunulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
зунилищ
[zuniliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зуниларищ
[zunilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
зунарав
/[zunaraw]/
0
|
зунарай
/[zunaraj]/
0
|
зунараб
/[zunarab]/
0
|
зунарал
/[zunaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
зуничӀев
/[zunit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
зуничӀей
/[zunit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
зуничӀеб
/[zunit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
зуничӀел
/[zunit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
зунулев
/[zunulew]/
0
|
зунулей
/[zunulej]/
0
|
зунулеб
/[zunuleb]/
🔒
1
|
зунулел
/[zunulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
зунуларев
/[zunularew]/
0
|
зунуларей
/[zunularej]/
0
|
зунулареб
/[zunulareb]/
0
|
зунуларел
/[zunularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
зунилев
/[zunilew]/
0
|
зунилей
/[zunilej]/
0
|
зунилеб
/[zunileb]/
0
|
зунилел
/[zunilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
зуниларев
/[zunilarew]/
0
|
зуниларей
/[zunilarej]/
0
|
зунилареб
/[zunilareb]/
0
|
зуниларел
/[zunilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
зунизехъин
[zunizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
зунизехъинро
[zunizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
зунеяв
/[zunejaw]/
0
|
зунеяй
/[zunejaj]/
0
|
зунеяб
/[zunejab]/
0
|
зунеял
/[zunejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
зунарав
0
|
зунарай
0
|
зунараб
0
|
зунарал
0
|
| Ergative |
зунарас
0
|
зунаралъ
0
|
зунаралъ
0
|
зунараз
0
|
| Genitive |
зунарасул
0
|
зунаралъул
0
|
зунаралъул
0
|
зунаразул
0
|
| Dative |
зунарасе
0
|
зунаралъе
0
|
зунаралъе
0
|
зунаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
зунарасда
0
|
зунаралъда
0
|
зунаралъда
0
|
зунаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
зунарасде
0
|
зунаралъде
0
|
зунаралъде
0
|
зунаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
зунарасдаса
0
|
зунаралъдаса
0
|
зунаралъдаса
0
|
зунараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
зунарасдасан
0
|
зунаралъдасан
0
|
зунаралъдасан
0
|
зунараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
зунарасухъ
0
|
зунаралъухъ
0
|
зунаралъухъ
0
|
зунаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
зунарасухъе
0
|
зунаралъухъе
0
|
зунаралъухъе
0
|
зунаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
зунарасухъа
0
|
зунаралъухъа
0
|
зунаралъухъа
0
|
зунаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
зунарасухъан
0
|
зунаралъухъан
0
|
зунаралъухъан
0
|
зунаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
зунарасулъ
0
|
зунаралъулъ
0
|
зунаралъулъ
0
|
зунаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
зунарасулъе
0
|
зунаралъулъе
0
|
зунаралъулъе
0
|
зунаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
зунарасулъа
0
|
зунаралъулъа
0
|
зунаралъулъа
0
|
зунаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
зунарасулъан
0
|
зунаралъулъан
0
|
зунаралъулъан
0
|
зунаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
зунарасукь
0
|
зунаралъукь
0
|
зунаралъукь
0
|
зунаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
зунарасукье
0
|
зунаралъукье
0
|
зунаралъукье
0
|
зунаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
зунарасукьа
0
|
зунаралъукьа
0
|
зунаралъукьа
0
|
зунаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
зунарасукьан
0
|
зунаралъукьан
0
|
зунаралъукьан
0
|
зунаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
зунун
[zunun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
зунун
[zunun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
зуничӀого
[zunit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
зунулаго
[zunulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
зунуларого
[zunularogo]
0
|
|||
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
зуни
[zuni]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Infinitive |
зунизе
[zunize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
зунизавизе
/[zunizawize]/
0
|
зунизайизе
/[zunizajize]/
0
|
зунизабизе
/[zunizabize]/
0
|
зунизаризе
/[zunizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
зунизавуларо
/[zunizawularo]/
0
|
зунизайуларо
/[zunizajularo]/
0
|
зунизабуларо
/[zunizabularo]/
0
|
зунизаруларо
/[zunizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
зуниаризе
[zunijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
зуниариларо
[zunijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
зун-зунизе
[zun-zunize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
зун-зуниларо
[zun-zunilaro]
0
|
|||