Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
(разг.) постоянно говорить, называть
English
(colloq.) to constantly speak, name
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.V.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ab-abize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Imperfective
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
4424
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-03-22 12:36
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
аб-абуна
[ʔab-abuna]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
аб-абичӀо
[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
аб-абила
[ʔab-abila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
аб-абиларо
[ʔab-abilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
аб-абула
[ʔab-abula]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
аб-абуларо
[ʔab-abularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
аб-абулаан
[ʔab-abulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
аб-абулароан
[ʔab-abularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
аб-абе
[ʔab-abe]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
аб-абуге
[ʔab-abuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
аб-абеги
[ʔab-abegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
аб-абугеги
[ʔab-abugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
аб-абизин
[ʔab-abizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
аб-абуни
[ʔab-abuni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
аб-абичӀони
[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
аб-абунищ
[ʔab-abuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
аб-абичӀищ
[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
аб-абулищ
[ʔab-abuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
аб-абуларищ
[ʔab-abulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
аб-абилищ
[ʔab-abiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
аб-абиларищ
[ʔab-abilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
аб-абурав
/[ʔab-aburaw]/
0
|
аб-абурай
/[ʔab-aburaj]/
0
|
аб-абураб
/[ʔab-aburab]/
0
|
аб-абурал
/[ʔab-abural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
аб-абичӀев
/[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
аб-абичӀей
/[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
аб-абичӀеб
/[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
аб-абичӀел
/[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
аб-абулев
/[ʔab-abulew]/
0
|
аб-абулей
/[ʔab-abulej]/
0
|
аб-абулеб
/[ʔab-abuleb]/
0
|
аб-абулел
/[ʔab-abulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
аб-абуларев
/[ʔab-abularew]/
0
|
аб-абуларей
/[ʔab-abularej]/
0
|
аб-абулареб
/[ʔab-abulareb]/
0
|
аб-абуларел
/[ʔab-abularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
аб-абилев
/[ʔab-abilew]/
0
|
аб-абилей
/[ʔab-abilej]/
0
|
аб-абилеб
/[ʔab-abileb]/
0
|
аб-абилел
/[ʔab-abilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
аб-абиларев
/[ʔab-abilarew]/
0
|
аб-абиларей
/[ʔab-abilarej]/
0
|
аб-абилареб
/[ʔab-abilareb]/
0
|
аб-абиларел
/[ʔab-abilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
аб-абизехъин
[ʔab-abizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
аб-абизехъинро
[ʔab-abizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
аб-абеяв
/[ʔab-abejaw]/
0
|
аб-абеяй
/[ʔab-abejaj]/
0
|
аб-абеяб
/[ʔab-abejab]/
0
|
аб-абеял
/[ʔab-abejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
аб-абурав
0
|
аб-абурай
0
|
аб-абураб
0
|
аб-абурал
0
|
| Ergative |
аб-абурас
0
|
аб-абуралъ
0
|
аб-абуралъ
0
|
аб-абураз
0
|
| Genitive |
аб-абурасул
0
|
аб-абуралъул
0
|
аб-абуралъул
0
|
аб-абуразул
0
|
| Dative |
аб-абурасе
0
|
аб-абуралъе
0
|
аб-абуралъе
0
|
аб-абуразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
аб-абурасда
0
|
аб-абуралъда
0
|
аб-абуралъда
0
|
аб-абуразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
аб-абурасде
0
|
аб-абуралъде
0
|
аб-абуралъде
0
|
аб-абуразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
аб-абурасдаса
0
|
аб-абуралъдаса
0
|
аб-абуралъдаса
0
|
аб-абураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
аб-абурасдасан
0
|
аб-абуралъдасан
0
|
аб-абуралъдасан
0
|
аб-абураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
аб-абурасухъ
0
|
аб-абуралъухъ
0
|
аб-абуралъухъ
0
|
аб-абуразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
аб-абурасухъе
0
|
аб-абуралъухъе
0
|
аб-абуралъухъе
0
|
аб-абуразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
аб-абурасухъа
0
|
аб-абуралъухъа
0
|
аб-абуралъухъа
0
|
аб-абуразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
аб-абурасухъан
0
|
аб-абуралъухъан
0
|
аб-абуралъухъан
0
|
аб-абуразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
аб-абурасулъ
0
|
аб-абуралъулъ
0
|
аб-абуралъулъ
0
|
аб-абуразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
аб-абурасулъе
0
|
аб-абуралъулъе
0
|
аб-абуралъулъе
0
|
аб-абуразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
аб-абурасулъа
0
|
аб-абуралъулъа
0
|
аб-абуралъулъа
0
|
аб-абуразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
аб-абурасулъан
0
|
аб-абуралъулъан
0
|
аб-абуралъулъан
0
|
аб-абуразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
аб-абурасукь
0
|
аб-абуралъукь
0
|
аб-абуралъукь
0
|
аб-абуразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
аб-абурасукье
0
|
аб-абуралъукье
0
|
аб-абуралъукье
0
|
аб-абуразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
аб-абурасукьа
0
|
аб-абуралъукьа
0
|
аб-абуралъукьа
0
|
аб-абуразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
аб-абурасукьан
0
|
аб-абуралъукьан
0
|
аб-абуралъукьан
0
|
аб-абуразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
аб-абун
[ʔab-abun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
аб-абун
[ʔab-abun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
аб-абичӀого
[ʔab-abit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
аб-абулаго
[ʔab-abulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
аб-абуларого
[ʔab-abularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
аб-аби
[ʔab-abi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
аб-абизе
[ʔab-abize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
—
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
—
0
|
|||
| Durative |
аб-абиаризе
[ʔab-abijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
аб-абиариларо
[ʔab-abijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
аб-аб-аб-абизе
[ʔab-ab-ab-abize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
аб-аб-аб-абиларо
[ʔab-ab-ab-abilaro]
0
|
|||