Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
(по)кушать, (по)есть
English
to eat, to have a meal
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
V.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ashaze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Imperfective
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
6346
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-03-22 13:00
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ашана
[ʔaʃana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ашачӀо
[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ашала
[ʔaʃala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ашаларо
[ʔaʃalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ашала
[ʔaʃala]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ашаларо
[ʔaʃalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ашалаан
[ʔaʃalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ашалароан
[ʔaʃalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
аша
[ʔaʃa]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ашаге
[ʔaʃage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ашаги
[ʔaʃagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ашагеги
[ʔaʃagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ашазин
[ʔaʃazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ашани
[ʔaʃani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ашачӀони
[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ашанищ
[ʔaʃaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ашачӀищ
[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ашалищ
[ʔaʃaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ашаларищ
[ʔaʃalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ашалищ
[ʔaʃaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ашаларищ
[ʔaʃalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ашарав
/[ʔaʃaraw]/
0
|
ашарай
/[ʔaʃaraj]/
0
|
ашараб
/[ʔaʃarab]/
0
|
ашарал
/[ʔaʃaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ашачӀев
/[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
ашачӀей
/[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
ашачӀеб
/[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
ашачӀел
/[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ашалев
/[ʔaʃalew]/
0
|
ашалей
/[ʔaʃalej]/
0
|
ашалеб
/[ʔaʃaleb]/
0
|
ашалел
/[ʔaʃalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ашаларев
/[ʔaʃalarew]/
0
|
ашаларей
/[ʔaʃalarej]/
0
|
ашалареб
/[ʔaʃalareb]/
0
|
ашаларел
/[ʔaʃalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ашалев
/[ʔaʃalew]/
0
|
ашалей
/[ʔaʃalej]/
0
|
ашалеб
/[ʔaʃaleb]/
0
|
ашалел
/[ʔaʃalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ашаларев
/[ʔaʃalarew]/
0
|
ашаларей
/[ʔaʃalarej]/
0
|
ашалареб
/[ʔaʃalareb]/
0
|
ашаларел
/[ʔaʃalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ашазехъин
[ʔaʃazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ашазехъинро
[ʔaʃazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ашаяв
/[ʔaʃajaw]/
0
|
ашаяй
/[ʔaʃajaj]/
0
|
ашаяб
/[ʔaʃajab]/
0
|
ашаял
/[ʔaʃajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ашарав
0
|
ашарай
0
|
ашараб
0
|
ашарал
0
|
| Ergative |
ашарас
0
|
ашаралъ
0
|
ашаралъ
0
|
ашараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ашарасул
0
|
ашаралъул
0
|
ашаралъул
0
|
ашаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ашарасе
0
|
ашаралъе
0
|
ашаралъе
0
|
ашаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ашарасда
0
|
ашаралъда
0
|
ашаралъда
0
|
ашаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ашарасде
0
|
ашаралъде
0
|
ашаралъде
0
|
ашаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ашарасдаса
0
|
ашаралъдаса
0
|
ашаралъдаса
0
|
ашараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ашарасдасан
0
|
ашаралъдасан
0
|
ашаралъдасан
0
|
ашараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ашарасухъ
0
|
ашаралъухъ
0
|
ашаралъухъ
0
|
ашаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ашарасухъе
0
|
ашаралъухъе
0
|
ашаралъухъе
0
|
ашаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ашарасухъа
0
|
ашаралъухъа
0
|
ашаралъухъа
0
|
ашаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ашарасухъан
0
|
ашаралъухъан
0
|
ашаралъухъан
0
|
ашаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ашарасулъ
0
|
ашаралъулъ
0
|
ашаралъулъ
0
|
ашаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ашарасулъе
0
|
ашаралъулъе
0
|
ашаралъулъе
0
|
ашаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ашарасулъа
0
|
ашаралъулъа
0
|
ашаралъулъа
0
|
ашаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ашарасулъан
0
|
ашаралъулъан
0
|
ашаралъулъан
0
|
ашаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ашарасукь
0
|
ашаралъукь
0
|
ашаралъукь
0
|
ашаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ашарасукье
0
|
ашаралъукье
0
|
ашаралъукье
0
|
ашаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ашарасукьа
0
|
ашаралъукьа
0
|
ашаралъукьа
0
|
ашаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ашарасукьан
0
|
ашаралъукьан
0
|
ашаралъукьан
0
|
ашаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ашан
[ʔaʃan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ашан
[ʔaʃan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ашачӀого
[ʔaʃat͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ашалаго
[ʔaʃalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ашаларого
[ʔaʃalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ашай
[ʔaʃaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ашазе
[ʔaʃaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ашазавизе
/[ʔaʃazawize]/
0
|
ашазайизе
/[ʔaʃazajize]/
0
|
ашазабизе
/[ʔaʃazabize]/
0
|
ашазаризе
/[ʔaʃazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ашазавуларо
/[ʔaʃazawularo]/
0
|
ашазайуларо
/[ʔaʃazajularo]/
0
|
ашазабуларо
/[ʔaʃazabularo]/
0
|
ашазаруларо
/[ʔaʃazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ашадаризе
[ʔaʃadarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ашадариларо
[ʔaʃadarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
аша-ашазе
[ʔaʃa-aʃaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
аша-ашаларо
[ʔaʃa-aʃalaro]
0
|
|||