Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
упрекать, укорять, корить, попрекать
English
to reproach, upbraid, rebuke, taunt
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CCV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: badibch'vaze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
6948
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-19 16:35
Attestation Count
3
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalew wugo]/ |
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalej jigo]/ |
/[badipt͡ʃʼwaleb bugo]/ |
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[badipt͡ʃʼwaleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
бадибчӀвана
[badipt͡ʃʼwana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бадибчӀвачӀо
[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бадибчӀвала
[badipt͡ʃʼwala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бадибчӀваларо
[badipt͡ʃʼwalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бадибчӀвала
[badipt͡ʃʼwala]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бадибчӀваларо
[badipt͡ʃʼwalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бадибчӀвалаан
[badipt͡ʃʼwalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бадибчӀвалароан
[badipt͡ʃʼwalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бадибчӀва
[badipt͡ʃʼwa]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бадибчӀваге
[badipt͡ʃʼwage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бадибчӀваги
[badipt͡ʃʼwagi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бадибчӀвагеги
[badipt͡ʃʼwagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бадибчӀвазин
[badipt͡ʃʼwazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бадибчӀвани
[badipt͡ʃʼwani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бадибчӀвачӀони
[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бадибчӀванищ
[badipt͡ʃʼwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бадибчӀвачӀищ
[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бадибчӀвалищ
[badipt͡ʃʼwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бадибчӀваларищ
[badipt͡ʃʼwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бадибчӀвалищ
[badipt͡ʃʼwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бадибчӀваларищ
[badipt͡ʃʼwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бадибчӀварав
/[badipt͡ʃʼwaraw]/
🔒
1
|
бадибчӀварай
/[badipt͡ʃʼwaraj]/
0
|
бадибчӀвараб
/[badipt͡ʃʼwarab]/
0
|
бадибчӀварал
/[badipt͡ʃʼwaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бадибчӀвачӀев
/[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бадибчӀвачӀей
/[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бадибчӀвачӀеб
/[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бадибчӀвачӀел
/[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бадибчӀвалев
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalew]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалей
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalej]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалеб
/[badipt͡ʃʼwaleb]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалел
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бадибчӀваларев
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalarew]/
0
|
бадибчӀваларей
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalarej]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалареб
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalareb]/
0
|
бадибчӀваларел
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бадибчӀвалев
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalew]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалей
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalej]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалеб
/[badipt͡ʃʼwaleb]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалел
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бадибчӀваларев
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalarew]/
0
|
бадибчӀваларей
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalarej]/
0
|
бадибчӀвалареб
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalareb]/
0
|
бадибчӀваларел
/[badipt͡ʃʼwalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бадибчӀвазехъин
[badipt͡ʃʼwazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бадибчӀвазехъинро
[badipt͡ʃʼwazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бадибчӀваяв
/[badipt͡ʃʼwajaw]/
0
|
бадибчӀваяй
/[badipt͡ʃʼwajaj]/
0
|
бадибчӀваяб
/[badipt͡ʃʼwajab]/
0
|
бадибчӀваял
/[badipt͡ʃʼwajal]/
🔒
6
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бадибчӀварав
1
|
бадибчӀварай
0
|
бадибчӀвараб
0
|
бадибчӀварал
0
|
| Ergative |
бадибчӀварас
0
|
бадибчӀваралъ
0
|
бадибчӀваралъ
0
|
бадибчӀвараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бадибчӀварасул
0
|
бадибчӀваралъул
0
|
бадибчӀваралъул
0
|
бадибчӀваразул
0
|
| Dative |
бадибчӀварасе
0
|
бадибчӀваралъе
0
|
бадибчӀваралъе
0
|
бадибчӀваразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бадибчӀварасда
0
|
бадибчӀваралъда
0
|
бадибчӀваралъда
0
|
бадибчӀваразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бадибчӀварасде
0
|
бадибчӀваралъде
0
|
бадибчӀваралъде
0
|
бадибчӀваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бадибчӀварасдаса
0
|
бадибчӀваралъдаса
0
|
бадибчӀваралъдаса
0
|
бадибчӀвараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бадибчӀварасдасан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъдасан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъдасан
0
|
бадибчӀвараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бадибчӀварасухъ
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъ
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъ
0
|
бадибчӀваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бадибчӀварасухъе
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъе
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъе
0
|
бадибчӀваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бадибчӀварасухъа
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъа
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъа
0
|
бадибчӀваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бадибчӀварасухъан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъухъан
0
|
бадибчӀваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бадибчӀварасулъ
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъ
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъ
0
|
бадибчӀваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бадибчӀварасулъе
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъе
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъе
0
|
бадибчӀваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бадибчӀварасулъа
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъа
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъа
0
|
бадибчӀваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бадибчӀварасулъан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъулъан
0
|
бадибчӀваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бадибчӀварасукь
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукь
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукь
0
|
бадибчӀваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бадибчӀварасукье
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукье
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукье
0
|
бадибчӀваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бадибчӀварасукьа
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукьа
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукьа
0
|
бадибчӀваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бадибчӀварасукьан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукьан
0
|
бадибчӀваралъукьан
0
|
бадибчӀваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бадибчӀван
[badipt͡ʃʼwan]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бадибчӀван
[badipt͡ʃʼwan]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бадибчӀвачӀого
[badipt͡ʃʼwat͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бадибчӀвалаго
[badipt͡ʃʼwalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бадибчӀваларого
[badipt͡ʃʼwalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бадибчӀвай
[badipt͡ʃʼwaj]
🔒
59
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бадибчӀвазе
[badipt͡ʃʼwaze]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Causative |
бадибчӀвазавизе
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazawize]/
0
|
бадибчӀвазайизе
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazajize]/
0
|
бадибчӀвазабизе
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazabize]/
0
|
бадибчӀвазаризе
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бадибчӀвазавуларо
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazawularo]/
0
|
бадибчӀвазайуларо
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazajularo]/
0
|
бадибчӀвазабуларо
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazabularo]/
0
|
бадибчӀвазаруларо
/[badipt͡ʃʼwazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бадибчӀвааризе
[badipt͡ʃʼwajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бадибчӀваариларо
[badipt͡ʃʼwajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бадибчӀва-бадибчӀвазе
[badipt͡ʃʼwa-badipt͡ʃʼwaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бадибчӀва-бадибчӀваларо
[badipt͡ʃʼwa-badipt͡ʃʼwalaro]
0
|
|||