Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
заставлять, заставить кого-л. бояться кого-чего-л.
English
to frighten someone, to make someone afraid
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: berqʼazabize
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
7495
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-21 14:10
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[berq͡χʼːazawulew wugo]/ |
/[berq͡χʼːazajulej jigo]/ |
/[berq͡χʼːazabuleb bugo]/ |
/[berq͡χʼːazarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[berq͡χʼːazawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[berq͡χʼːazajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[berq͡χʼːazabuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[berq͡χʼːazarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
беркъазавуна
/[berq͡χʼːazawuna]/
0
|
беркъазайуна
/[berq͡χʼːazajuna]/
0
|
беркъазабуна
/[berq͡χʼːazabuna]/
0
|
беркъазаруна
/[berq͡χʼːazaruna]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
беркъазавичӀо
/[berq͡χʼːazawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
беркъазайичӀо
/[berq͡χʼːazajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
беркъазабичӀо
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
беркъазаричӀо
/[berq͡χʼːazarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
беркъазавила
/[berq͡χʼːazawila]/
0
|
беркъазайила
/[berq͡χʼːazajila]/
0
|
беркъазабила
/[berq͡χʼːazabila]/
0
|
беркъазарила
/[berq͡χʼːazarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
беркъазавиларо
/[berq͡χʼːazawilaro]/
0
|
беркъазайиларо
/[berq͡χʼːazajilaro]/
0
|
беркъазабиларо
/[berq͡χʼːazabilaro]/
0
|
беркъазариларо
/[berq͡χʼːazarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
беркъазавула
/[berq͡χʼːazawula]/
🔒
0
|
беркъазайула
/[berq͡χʼːazajula]/
0
|
беркъазабула
/[berq͡χʼːazabula]/
🔒
0
|
беркъазарула
/[berq͡χʼːazarula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
беркъазавуларо
/[berq͡χʼːazawularo]/
0
|
беркъазайуларо
/[berq͡χʼːazajularo]/
0
|
беркъазабуларо
/[berq͡χʼːazabularo]/
0
|
беркъазаруларо
/[berq͡χʼːazarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
беркъазавулаан
/[berq͡χʼːazawulajan]/
0
|
беркъазайулаан
/[berq͡χʼːazajulajan]/
0
|
беркъазабулаан
/[berq͡χʼːazabulajan]/
0
|
беркъазарулаан
/[berq͡χʼːazarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
беркъазабулароан
/[berq͡χʼːazabularojan]/
0
|
беркъазабулароан
/[berq͡χʼːazabularojan]/
0
|
беркъазабулароан
/[berq͡χʼːazabularojan]/
0
|
беркъазарулароан
/[berq͡χʼːazarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
беркъазаве
/[berq͡χʼːazawe]/
0
|
беркъазайе
/[berq͡χʼːazaje]/
0
|
беркъазабе
/[berq͡χʼːazabe]/
0
|
беркъазаре
/[berq͡χʼːazare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
беркъазавуге
/[berq͡χʼːazawuge]/
0
|
беркъазайуге
/[berq͡χʼːazajuge]/
0
|
беркъазабуге
/[berq͡χʼːazabuge]/
🔒
1
|
беркъазаруге
/[berq͡χʼːazaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
беркъазабеги
/[berq͡χʼːazawegi]/
0
|
беркъазабеги
/[berq͡χʼːazajegi]/
0
|
беркъазабеги
/[berq͡χʼːazabegi]/
0
|
беркъазареги
/[berq͡χʼːazaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
беркъазабугеги
/[berq͡χʼːazabugegi]/
0
|
беркъазабугеги
/[berq͡χʼːazabugegi]/
0
|
беркъазабугеги
/[berq͡χʼːazabugegi]/
0
|
беркъазаругеги
/[berq͡χʼːazarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
беркъазавизин
/[berq͡χʼːazawizin]/
0
|
беркъазайизин
/[berq͡χʼːazajizin]/
0
|
беркъазабизин
/[berq͡χʼːazabizin]/
0
|
беркъазаризин
/[berq͡χʼːazarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
беркъазавуни
/[berq͡χʼːazawuni]/
0
|
беркъазайуни
/[berq͡χʼːazajuni]/
0
|
беркъазабуни
/[berq͡χʼːazabuni]/
0
|
беркъазаруни
/[berq͡χʼːazaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
беркъазабичӀони
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
беркъазабичӀони
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
беркъазабичӀони
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
беркъазаричӀони
/[berq͡χʼːazarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
беркъазавунищ
/[berq͡χʼːazawuniʃː]/
0
|
беркъазайунищ
/[berq͡χʼːazajuniʃː]/
0
|
беркъазабунищ
/[berq͡χʼːazabuniʃː]/
0
|
беркъазарунищ
/[berq͡χʼːazaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъазавичӀищ
/[berq͡χʼːazawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
беркъазайичӀищ
/[berq͡χʼːazajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
беркъазабичӀищ
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
беркъазаричӀищ
/[berq͡χʼːazarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъазавулищ
/[berq͡χʼːazawuliʃː]/
0
|
беркъазайулищ
/[berq͡χʼːazajuliʃː]/
0
|
беркъазабулищ
/[berq͡χʼːazabuliʃː]/
0
|
беркъазарулищ
/[berq͡χʼːazaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъазавуларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazawulariʃː]/
0
|
беркъазайуларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazajulariʃː]/
0
|
беркъазабуларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazabulariʃː]/
0
|
беркъазаруларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
беркъазавилищ
/[berq͡χʼːazawiliʃː]/
0
|
беркъазайилищ
/[berq͡χʼːazajiliʃː]/
0
|
беркъазабилищ
/[berq͡χʼːazabiliʃː]/
0
|
беркъазарилищ
/[berq͡χʼːazariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъазавиларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazawilariʃː]/
0
|
беркъазайиларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazajilariʃː]/
0
|
беркъазабиларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazabilariʃː]/
0
|
беркъазариларищ
/[berq͡χʼːazarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
беркъазавурав
/[berq͡χʼːazawuraw]/
0
|
беркъазайурай
/[berq͡χʼːazajuraj]/
0
|
беркъазабураб
/[berq͡χʼːazaburab]/
0
|
беркъазарурал
/[berq͡χʼːazarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
беркъазавичӀев
/[berq͡χʼːazawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
беркъазайичӀей
/[berq͡χʼːazajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
беркъазабичӀеб
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
беркъазаричӀел
/[berq͡χʼːazarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
беркъазавулев
/[berq͡χʼːazawulew]/
0
|
беркъазайулей
/[berq͡χʼːazajulej]/
0
|
беркъазабулеб
/[berq͡χʼːazabuleb]/
0
|
беркъазарулел
/[berq͡χʼːazarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
беркъазавуларев
/[berq͡χʼːazawularew]/
0
|
беркъазайуларей
/[berq͡χʼːazajularej]/
0
|
беркъазабулареб
/[berq͡χʼːazabulareb]/
0
|
беркъазаруларел
/[berq͡χʼːazarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
беркъазавилев
/[berq͡χʼːazawilew]/
0
|
беркъазайилей
/[berq͡χʼːazajilej]/
0
|
беркъазабилеб
/[berq͡χʼːazabileb]/
0
|
беркъазарилел
/[berq͡χʼːazarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
беркъазавиларев
/[berq͡χʼːazawilarew]/
0
|
беркъазайиларей
/[berq͡χʼːazajilarej]/
0
|
беркъазабилареб
/[berq͡χʼːazabilareb]/
0
|
беркъазариларел
/[berq͡χʼːazarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
беркъазавизехъин
/[berq͡χʼːazawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
беркъазайизехъин
/[berq͡χʼːazajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
беркъазабизехъин
/[berq͡χʼːazabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
беркъазаризехъин
/[berq͡χʼːazarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
беркъазавизехъинро
/[berq͡χʼːazawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
беркъазайизехъинро
/[berq͡χʼːazajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
беркъазабизехъинро
/[berq͡χʼːazabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
беркъазаризехъинро
/[berq͡χʼːazarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
беркъазавеяв
/[berq͡χʼːazawejaw]/
0
|
беркъазайеяй
/[berq͡χʼːazajejaj]/
0
|
беркъазабеяб
/[berq͡χʼːazabejab]/
0
|
беркъазареял
/[berq͡χʼːazarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
беркъазавурав
0
|
беркъазайурай
0
|
беркъазабураб
0
|
беркъазарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
беркъазавурас
0
|
беркъазайуралъ
0
|
беркъазабуралъ
0
|
беркъазарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
беркъазавурасул
0
|
беркъазайуралъул
0
|
беркъазабуралъул
0
|
беркъазаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
беркъазавурасе
0
|
беркъазайуралъе
0
|
беркъазабуралъе
0
|
беркъазаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
беркъазавурасда
0
|
беркъазайуралъда
0
|
беркъазабуралъда
0
|
беркъазаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
беркъазавурасде
0
|
беркъазайуралъде
0
|
беркъазабуралъде
0
|
беркъазаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
беркъазавурасдаса
0
|
беркъазайуралъдаса
0
|
беркъазабуралъдаса
0
|
беркъазарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
беркъазавурасдасан
0
|
беркъазайуралъдасан
0
|
беркъазабуралъдасан
0
|
беркъазарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
беркъазавурасухъ
0
|
беркъазайуралъухъ
0
|
беркъазабуралъухъ
0
|
беркъазаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
беркъазавурасухъе
0
|
беркъазайуралъухъе
0
|
беркъазабуралъухъе
0
|
беркъазаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
беркъазавурасухъа
0
|
беркъазайуралъухъа
0
|
беркъазабуралъухъа
0
|
беркъазаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
беркъазавурасухъан
0
|
беркъазайуралъухъан
0
|
беркъазабуралъухъан
0
|
беркъазаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
беркъазавурасулъ
0
|
беркъазайуралъулъ
0
|
беркъазабуралъулъ
0
|
беркъазаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
беркъазавурасулъе
0
|
беркъазайуралъулъе
0
|
беркъазабуралъулъе
0
|
беркъазаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
беркъазавурасулъа
0
|
беркъазайуралъулъа
0
|
беркъазабуралъулъа
0
|
беркъазаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
беркъазавурасулъан
0
|
беркъазайуралъулъан
0
|
беркъазабуралъулъан
0
|
беркъазаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
беркъазавурасукь
0
|
беркъазайуралъукь
0
|
беркъазабуралъукь
0
|
беркъазаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
беркъазавурасукье
0
|
беркъазайуралъукье
0
|
беркъазабуралъукье
0
|
беркъазаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
беркъазавурасукьа
0
|
беркъазайуралъукьа
0
|
беркъазабуралъукьа
0
|
беркъазаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
беркъазавурасукьан
0
|
беркъазайуралъукьан
0
|
беркъазабуралъукьан
0
|
беркъазаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
беркъазавун
/[berq͡χʼːazawun]/
0
|
беркъазайун
/[berq͡χʼːazajun]/
0
|
беркъазабун
/[berq͡χʼːazabun]/
0
|
беркъазарун
/[berq͡χʼːazarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
беркъазавун
/[berq͡χʼːazawun]/
0
|
беркъазайун
/[berq͡χʼːazajun]/
0
|
беркъазабун
/[berq͡χʼːazabun]/
0
|
беркъазарун
/[berq͡χʼːazarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
беркъазабичӀого
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
беркъазабичӀого
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
беркъазабичӀого
/[berq͡χʼːazabit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
беркъазаричӀого
/[berq͡χʼːazarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
беркъазавулаго
/[berq͡χʼːazawulago]/
0
|
беркъазайулаго
/[berq͡χʼːazajulago]/
0
|
беркъазабулаго
/[berq͡χʼːazabulago]/
0
|
беркъазарулаго
/[berq͡χʼːazarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
беркъазабуларого
/[berq͡χʼːazabularogo]/
0
|
беркъазабуларого
/[berq͡χʼːazabularogo]/
0
|
беркъазабуларого
/[berq͡χʼːazabularogo]/
0
|
беркъазаруларого
/[berq͡χʼːazarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
беркъазави
/[berq͡χʼːazawi]/
0
|
беркъазайи
/[berq͡χʼːazaji]/
0
|
беркъазаби
/[berq͡χʼːazabi]/
0
|
беркъазари
/[berq͡χʼːazari]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
беркъазавизе
/[berq͡χʼːazawize]/
0
|
беркъазайизе
/[berq͡χʼːazajize]/
0
|
беркъазабизе
/[berq͡χʼːazabize]/
0
|
беркъазаризе
/[berq͡χʼːazarize]/
0
|
| Causative |
—
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
—
0
|
|||
| Durative |
беркъазавиаризе
/[berq͡χʼːazawijarize]/
0
|
беркъазайиаризе
/[berq͡χʼːazajijarize]/
0
|
беркъазабиаризе
/[berq͡χʼːazabijarize]/
0
|
беркъазариаризе
/[berq͡χʼːazarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
беркъазавиариларо
/[berq͡χʼːazawijarilaro]/
0
|
беркъазайиариларо
/[berq͡χʼːazajijarilaro]/
0
|
беркъазабиариларо
/[berq͡χʼːazabijarilaro]/
0
|
беркъазариариларо
/[berq͡χʼːazarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
беркъазаб-беркъазавизе
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazawize]/
0
|
беркъазаб-беркъазайизе
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazajize]/
0
|
беркъазаб-беркъазабизе
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazabize]/
0
|
беркъазаб-беркъазаризе
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
беркъазаб-беркъазавиларо
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazawilaro]/
0
|
беркъазаб-беркъазайиларо
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazajilaro]/
0
|
беркъазаб-беркъазабиларо
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazabilaro]/
0
|
беркъазаб-беркъазариларо
/[berq͡χʼːazab-berq͡χʼːazarilaro]/
0
|