Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
становиться, стать тёмно-коричневым
English
to turn dark-brown
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: bets'surmalhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Inchoative
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
7614
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-21 14:22
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulew wugo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulej jigo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
бецӀсурмалъана
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бецӀсурмалъичӀо
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бецӀсурмалъила
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бецӀсурмалъиларо
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бецӀсурмалъула
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬula]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бецӀсурмалъуларо
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бецӀсурмалъулаан
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бецӀсурмалъулароан
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бецӀсурмалъе
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬe]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бецӀсурмалъуге
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бецӀсурмалъеги
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бецӀсурмалъугеги
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бецӀсурмалъизин
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бецӀсурмалъани
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бецӀсурмалъичӀони
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀсурмалъанищ
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀсурмалъичӀищ
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀсурмалъулищ
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀсурмалъуларищ
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀсурмалъилищ
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀсурмалъиларищ
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бецӀсурмалъарав
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬaraw]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъарай
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬaraj]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъараб
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬarab]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъарал
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бецӀсурмалъичӀев
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъичӀей
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъичӀеб
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъичӀел
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бецӀсурмалъулев
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulew]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъулей
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulej]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъулеб
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬuleb]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъулел
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бецӀсурмалъуларев
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬularew]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъуларей
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬularej]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъулареб
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulareb]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъуларел
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бецӀсурмалъилев
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilew]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъилей
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilej]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъилеб
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬileb]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъилел
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бецӀсурмалъиларев
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilarew]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъиларей
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilarej]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъилареб
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilareb]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъиларел
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бецӀсурмалъизехъин
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бецӀсурмалъизехъинро
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бецӀсурмалъеяв
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬejaw]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъеяй
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬejaj]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъеяб
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬejab]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъеял
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бецӀсурмалъарав
0
|
бецӀсурмалъарай
0
|
бецӀсурмалъараб
0
|
бецӀсурмалъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
бецӀсурмалъарас
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бецӀсурмалъарасул
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъул
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъул
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
бецӀсурмалъарасе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бецӀсурмалъарасда
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъда
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъда
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бецӀсурмалъарасде
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъде
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъде
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бецӀсурмалъарасдаса
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъдаса
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъдаса
0
|
бецӀсурмалъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бецӀсурмалъарасдасан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъдасан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъдасан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бецӀсурмалъарасухъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бецӀсурмалъарасухъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бецӀсурмалъарасухъа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бецӀсурмалъарасухъан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъухъан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бецӀсурмалъарасулъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъ
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бецӀсурмалъарасулъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъе
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бецӀсурмалъарасулъа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бецӀсурмалъарасулъан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъулъан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бецӀсурмалъарасукь
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукь
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукь
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бецӀсурмалъарасукье
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукье
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукье
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бецӀсурмалъарасукьа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукьа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукьа
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бецӀсурмалъарасукьан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукьан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаралъукьан
0
|
бецӀсурмалъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бецӀсурмалъун
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бецӀсурмалъун
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бецӀсурмалъичӀого
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бецӀсурмалъулаго
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бецӀсурмалъуларого
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бецӀсурмалъи
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бецӀсурмалъизе
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
бецӀсурмалъизавизе
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizawize]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъизайизе
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizajize]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъизабизе
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizabize]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъизаризе
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бецӀсурмалъизавуларо
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizawularo]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъизайуларо
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizajularo]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъизабуларо
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizabularo]/
0
|
бецӀсурмалъизаруларо
/[bet͡sʼsurmaɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бецӀсурмалъиаризе
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бецӀсурмалъиариларо
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бецӀсурмалъ-бецӀсурмалъизе
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬ-bet͡sʼsurmaɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бецӀсурмалъ-бецӀсурмалъиларо
[bet͡sʼsurmaɬ-bet͡sʼsurmaɬilaro]
0
|
|||