Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
становиться, стать тёмно-синим
English
to turn dark-blue
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: bets'qahhillhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Inchoative
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
7619
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-21 14:22
Attestation Count
2
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulew wugo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulej jigo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
бецӀхъахӀиллъана
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀо
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бецӀхъахӀиллъила
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъиларо
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъула
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬula]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъуларо
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бецӀхъахӀиллъулаан
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъулароан
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъе
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬe]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бецӀхъахӀиллъуге
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъеги
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъугеги
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъизин
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бецӀхъахӀиллъани
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀони
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъанищ
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀищ
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъулищ
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъуларищ
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъилищ
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъиларищ
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарав
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬaraw]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъарай
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬaraj]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъараб
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬarab]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъарал
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀев
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀей
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀеб
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀел
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бецӀхъахӀиллъулев
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulew]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъулей
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulej]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъулеб
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬuleb]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъулел
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъуларев
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬularew]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъуларей
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬularej]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъулареб
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulareb]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъуларел
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бецӀхъахӀиллъилев
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilew]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъилей
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilej]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъилеб
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬileb]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъилел
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъиларев
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilarew]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъиларей
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilarej]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъилареб
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilareb]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъиларел
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бецӀхъахӀиллъизехъин
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъизехъинро
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бецӀхъахӀиллъеяв
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬejaw]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъеяй
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬejaj]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъеяб
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬejab]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъеял
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарав
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъарай
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъараб
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарас
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасул
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъул
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъул
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасда
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъда
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъда
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасде
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъде
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъде
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасдаса
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъдаса
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъдаса
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасдасан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъдасан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъдасан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасухъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасухъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасухъа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасухъан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъухъан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасулъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъ
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасулъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъе
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасулъа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасулъан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъулъан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасукь
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукь
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукь
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасукье
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукье
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукье
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасукьа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукьа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукьа
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бецӀхъахӀиллъарасукьан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукьан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаралъукьан
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бецӀхъахӀиллъун
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бецӀхъахӀиллъун
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъичӀого
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бецӀхъахӀиллъулаго
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъуларого
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бецӀхъахӀиллъи
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бецӀхъахӀиллъизе
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬize]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Causative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъизавизе
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizawize]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъизайизе
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizajize]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъизабизе
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizabize]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъизаризе
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъизавуларо
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizawularo]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъизайуларо
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizajularo]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъизабуларо
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizabularo]/
0
|
бецӀхъахӀиллъизаруларо
/[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъиаризе
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъиариларо
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъ-бецӀхъахӀиллъизе
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬ-bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бецӀхъахӀиллъ-бецӀхъахӀиллъиларо
[bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬ-bet͡sʼq͡χːaħilɬilaro]
0
|
|||