Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бить; 1) (по)бить, избивать, избить, (от)дубасить, (по)колотить, отколотить кого-л.; (вы)пороть, (вы)сечь; лупить (прост.) 2) толочь в ступе
дубасить
избить
клепать
колотить
колотиться
лупить
молотить
отбить
перебить
прибить
стукнуть
English
1) to beat, thrash, flog, drub, pound (s.o.); to thrash soundly (coll.) 2) to pound, grind in a mortar
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bukhize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Active
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
171283
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
24
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
вухана
/[wuχana]/
🔒
8
|
йухана
/[juχana]/
🔒
0
юхана
/[juχana]/
🔒
2
|
бухана
/[buχana]/
🔒
4
|
рухана
/[ruχana]/
🔒
3
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вухичӀо
/[wuχit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йухичӀо
/[juχit͡ʃʼo]/
0
юхичӀо
/[juχit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бухичӀо
/[buχit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
рухичӀо
/[ruχit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вухила
/[wuχila]/
🔒
2
|
йухила
/[juχila]/
0
юхила
/[juχila]/
0
|
бухила
/[buχila]/
🔒
2
|
рухила
/[ruχila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вухиларо
/[wuχilaro]/
0
|
йухиларо
/[juχilaro]/
0
юхиларо
/[juχilaro]/
0
|
бухиларо
/[buχilaro]/
0
|
рухиларо
/[ruχilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вухула
/[wuχula]/
🔒
4
|
йухула
/[juχula]/
🔒
0
юхула
/[juχula]/
🔒
1
|
бухула
/[buχula]/
🔒
2
|
рухула
/[ruχula]/
🔒
2
|
| Constative Negative |
вухуларо
/[wuχularo]/
0
|
йухуларо
/[juχularo]/
0
юхуларо
/[juχularo]/
0
|
бухуларо
/[buχularo]/
0
|
рухуларо
/[ruχularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вухулаан
/[wuχulajan]/
0
|
йухулаан
/[juχulajan]/
0
юхулаан
/[juχulaan]/
0
|
бухулаан
/[buχulajan]/
🔒
1
|
рухулаан
/[ruχulajan]/
🔒
2
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вухулароан
/[wuχularojan]/
0
|
йухулароан
/[juχularojan]/
0
юхулароан
/[juχularoan]/
0
|
бухулароан
/[buχularojan]/
0
|
рухулароан
/[ruχularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вухе
/[wuχe]/
🔒
1
|
йухе
/[juχe]/
0
юхе
/[juχe]/
0
|
бухе
/[buχe]/
🔒
2
|
рухе
/[ruχe]/
🔒
1
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вухуге
/[wuχuge]/
0
|
йухуге
/[juχuge]/
0
юхуге
/[juχuge]/
0
|
бухуге
/[buχuge]/
🔒
1
|
рухуге
/[ruχuge]/
🔒
2
|
| Optative |
вухеги
/[wuχegi]/
0
|
йухеги
/[juχegi]/
0
юхеги
/[juχegi]/
0
|
бухеги
/[buχegi]/
0
|
рухеги
/[ruχegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вухугеги
/[wuχugegi]/
0
|
йухугеги
/[juχugegi]/
0
юхугеги
/[juχugegi]/
0
|
бухугеги
/[buχugegi]/
0
|
рухугеги
/[ruχugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вухизин
/[wuχizin]/
0
|
йухизин
/[juχizin]/
0
юхизин
/[juχizin]/
0
|
бухизин
/[buχizin]/
0
|
рухизин
/[ruχizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вухани
/[wuχani]/
0
|
йухани
/[juχani]/
0
юхани
/[juχani]/
0
|
бухани
/[buχani]/
🔒
2
|
рухани
/[ruχani]/
🔒
1
|
| Conditional Negative |
вухичӀони
/[wuχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йухичӀони
/[juχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
юхичӀони
/[juχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бухичӀони
/[buχit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
1
|
рухичӀони
/[ruχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вуханищ
/[wuχaniʃː]/
0
|
йуханищ
/[juχaniʃː]/
0
юханищ
/[juχaniʃː]/
0
|
буханищ
/[buχaniʃː]/
0
|
руханищ
/[ruχaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вухичӀищ
/[wuχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йухичӀищ
/[juχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
юхичӀищ
/[juχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бухичӀищ
/[buχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рухичӀищ
/[ruχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вухулищ
/[wuχuliʃː]/
0
|
йухулищ
/[juχuliʃː]/
0
юхулищ
/[juχuliʃː]/
0
|
бухулищ
/[buχuliʃː]/
0
|
рухулищ
/[ruχuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вухуларищ
/[wuχulariʃː]/
0
|
йухуларищ
/[juχulariʃː]/
0
юхуларищ
/[juχulariʃː]/
0
|
бухуларищ
/[buχulariʃː]/
0
|
рухуларищ
/[ruχulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вухилищ
/[wuχiliʃː]/
0
|
йухилищ
/[juχiliʃː]/
0
юхилищ
/[juχiliʃː]/
0
|
бухилищ
/[buχiliʃː]/
0
|
рухилищ
/[ruχiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вухиларищ
/[wuχilariʃː]/
0
|
йухиларищ
/[juχilariʃː]/
0
юхиларищ
/[juχilariʃː]/
0
|
бухиларищ
/[buχilariʃː]/
0
|
рухиларищ
/[ruχilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вухарав
/[wuχaraw]/
🔒
5
|
йухарай
/[juχaraj]/
0
юхарай
/[juχaraj]/
0
|
бухараб
/[buχarab]/
🔒
3
|
рухарал
/[ruχaral]/
🔒
5
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вухичӀев
/[wuχit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йухичӀей
/[juχit͡ʃʼej]/
0
юхичӀей
/[juχit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бухичӀеб
/[buχit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
рухичӀел
/[ruχit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
вухулев
/[wuχulew]/
🔒
12
|
йухулей
/[juχulej]/
🔒
0
юхулей
/[juχulej]/
🔒
3
|
бухулеб
/[buχuleb]/
🔒
15
|
рухулел
/[ruχulel]/
🔒
8
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вухуларев
/[wuχularew]/
🔒
1
|
йухуларей
/[juχularej]/
0
юхуларей
/[juχularej]/
0
|
бухулареб
/[buχulareb]/
🔒
1
|
рухуларел
/[ruχularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вухилев
/[wuχilew]/
🔒
1
|
йухилей
/[juχilej]/
0
юхилей
/[juχilej]/
0
|
бухилеб
/[buχileb]/
0
|
рухилел
/[ruχilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вухиларев
/[wuχilarew]/
0
|
йухиларей
/[juχilarej]/
0
юхиларей
/[juχilarej]/
0
|
бухилареб
/[buχilareb]/
0
|
рухиларел
/[ruχilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вухизехъин
/[wuχizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
1
|
йухизехъин
/[juχizeq͡χːin]/
0
юхизехъин
/[juχizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
бухизехъин
/[buχizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
рухизехъин
/[ruχizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вухизехъинро
/[wuχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йухизехъинро
/[juχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
юхизехъинро
/[juχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бухизехъинро
/[buχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рухизехъинро
/[ruχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вухеяв
/[wuχejaw]/
0
|
йухеяй
/[juχejaj]/
0
юхеяй
/[juχejaj]/
0
|
бухеяб
/[buχejab]/
0
|
рухеял
/[ruχejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вухарав
5
|
йухарай
0
юхарай
0
|
бухараб
3
|
рухарал
5
|
| Ergative |
вухарас
0
|
йухаралъ
0
юхаралъ
0
|
бухаралъ
0
|
рухараз
1
|
| Genitive |
вухарасул
0
|
йухаралъул
0
юхаралъул
0
|
бухаралъул
0
|
рухаразул
4
|
| Dative |
вухарасе
0
|
йухаралъе
0
юхаралъе
0
|
бухаралъе
0
|
рухаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вухарасда
0
|
йухаралъда
0
юхаралъда
0
|
бухаралъда
0
|
рухаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вухарасде
0
|
йухаралъде
0
юхаралъде
0
|
бухаралъде
0
|
рухаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вухарасдаса
0
|
йухаралъдаса
0
юхаралъдаса
0
|
бухаралъдаса
0
|
рухараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вухарасдасан
0
|
йухаралъдасан
0
юхаралъдасан
0
|
бухаралъдасан
0
|
рухараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вухарасухъ
0
|
йухаралъухъ
0
юхаралъухъ
0
|
бухаралъухъ
0
|
рухаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вухарасухъе
0
|
йухаралъухъе
0
юхаралъухъе
0
|
бухаралъухъе
0
|
рухаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вухарасухъа
0
|
йухаралъухъа
0
юхаралъухъа
0
|
бухаралъухъа
0
|
рухаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вухарасухъан
0
|
йухаралъухъан
0
юхаралъухъан
0
|
бухаралъухъан
0
|
рухаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вухарасулъ
0
|
йухаралъулъ
0
юхаралъулъ
0
|
бухаралъулъ
0
|
рухаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вухарасулъе
0
|
йухаралъулъе
0
юхаралъулъе
0
|
бухаралъулъе
0
|
рухаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вухарасулъа
0
|
йухаралъулъа
0
юхаралъулъа
0
|
бухаралъулъа
0
|
рухаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вухарасулъан
0
|
йухаралъулъан
0
юхаралъулъан
0
|
бухаралъулъан
0
|
рухаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вухарасукь
0
|
йухаралъукь
0
юхаралъукь
0
|
бухаралъукь
0
|
рухаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вухарасукье
0
|
йухаралъукье
0
юхаралъукье
0
|
бухаралъукье
0
|
рухаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вухарасукьа
0
|
йухаралъукьа
0
юхаралъукьа
0
|
бухаралъукьа
0
|
рухаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вухарасукьан
0
|
йухаралъукьан
0
юхаралъукьан
0
|
бухаралъукьан
0
|
рухаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вухун
/[wuχun]/
🔒
41
|
йухун
/[juχun]/
0
юхун
/[juχun]/
🔒
8
|
бухун
/[buχun]/
🔒
29
|
рухун
/[ruχun]/
🔒
19
|
| Adverbial Past |
вухун
/[wuχun]/
🔒
41
|
йухун
/[juχun]/
🔒
0
юхун
/[juχun]/
🔒
8
|
бухун
/[buχun]/
🔒
29
|
рухун
/[ruχun]/
🔒
19
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вухичӀого
/[wuχit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йухичӀого
/[juχit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
0
юхичӀого
/[juχit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бухичӀого
/[buχit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
рухичӀого
/[ruχit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
вухулаго
/[wuχulago]/
🔒
1
|
йухулаго
/[juχulago]/
0
юхулаго
/[juχulago]/
0
|
бухулаго
/[buχulago]/
🔒
4
|
рухулаго
/[ruχulago]/
🔒
8
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вухуларого
/[wuχularogo]/
0
|
йухуларого
/[juχularogo]/
0
юхуларого
/[juχularogo]/
0
|
бухуларого
/[buχularogo]/
0
|
рухуларого
/[ruχularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вухи
/[wuχi]/
0
|
йухи
/[juχi]/
🔒
0
юхи
/[juχi]/
🔒
1
|
бухи
/[buχi]/
🔒
3
|
рухи
/[ruχi]/
🔒
3
|
| Infinitive |
вухизе
/[wuχize]/
🔒
13
|
йухизе
/[juχize]/
0
юхизе
/[juχize]/
0
|
бухизе
/[buχize]/
🔒
24
|
рухизе
/[ruχize]/
🔒
10
|
| Causative |
вухизавизе
/[wuχizawize]/
0
|
йухизайизе
/[juχizajize]/
0
юхизайизе
/[juχizajize]/
0
|
бухизабизе
/[buχizabize]/
0
|
рухизаризе
/[ruχizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вухизавуларо
/[wuχizawularo]/
0
|
йухизайуларо
/[juχizajularo]/
0
юхизайуларо
/[juχizajularo]/
0
|
бухизабуларо
/[buχizabularo]/
0
|
рухизаруларо
/[ruχizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вухиаризе
/[wuχijarize]/
0
|
йухиаризе
/[juχijarize]/
0
юхиаризе
/[juχiarize]/
0
|
бухиаризе
/[buχijarize]/
0
|
рухиаризе
/[ruχijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вухиариларо
/[wuχijarilaro]/
0
|
йухиариларо
/[juχijarilaro]/
0
юхиариларо
/[juχiarilaro]/
0
|
бухиариларо
/[buχijarilaro]/
0
|
рухиариларо
/[ruχijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вух-вухизе
/[wuχ-wuχize]/
0
|
йух-йухизе
/[juχ-juχize]/
0
юх-юхизе
/[juχ-juχize]/
0
|
бух-бухизе
/[buχ-buχize]/
0
|
рух-рухизе
/[ruχ-ruχize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вух-вухиларо
/[wuχ-wuχilaro]/
0
|
йух-йухиларо
/[juχ-juχilaro]/
0
юх-юхиларо
/[juχ-juχilaro]/
0
|
бух-бухиларо
/[buχ-buχilaro]/
0
|
рух-рухиларо
/[ruχ-ruχilaro]/
0
|