Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вещать; говорить, сказать; рассказывать; сообщать; информировать
выразить
выразиться
высказать
гласить
говориться
доложить
жевать
запеть
знаменовать
известить
изложить
изречь
изъявить
намудрить
осведомить
ответить
передать
поведать
повествовать
поговаривать
предвещать
преподнести
сказать
сообщить
рассказывать
English
to speak, to say; to tell, to narrate; to report; to inform
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bitsine
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
173335
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1257
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
вицана
/[wit͡sana]/
0
|
йицана
/[jit͡sana]/
0
|
бицана
/[bit͡sana]/
🔒
4979
|
рицана
/[rit͡sana]/
🔒
32
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вицинчӀо
/[wit͡sint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йицинчӀо
/[jit͡sint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бицинчӀо
/[bit͡sint͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
25
|
рицинчӀо
/[rit͡sint͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
5
|
| Future Simple |
вицина
/[wit͡sina]/
0
|
йицина
/[jit͡sina]/
0
|
бицина
/[bit͡sina]/
🔒
167
|
рицина
/[rit͡sina]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вицинаро
/[wit͡sinaro]/
0
|
йицинаро
/[jit͡sinaro]/
0
|
бицинаро
/[bit͡sinaro]/
🔒
50
|
рицинаро
/[rit͡sinaro]/
🔒
2
|
| Constative |
вицуна
/[wit͡suna]/
0
|
йицуна
/[jit͡suna]/
0
|
бицуна
/[bit͡suna]/
🔒
629
|
рицуна
/[rit͡suna]/
🔒
11
|
| Constative Negative |
вицунаро
/[wit͡sunaro]/
0
|
йицунаро
/[jit͡sunaro]/
0
|
бицунаро
/[bit͡sunaro]/
🔒
22
|
рицунаро
/[rit͡sunaro]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вицунаан
/[wit͡sunajan]/
0
|
йицунаан
/[jit͡sunajan]/
0
|
бицунаан
/[bit͡sunajan]/
🔒
269
|
рицунаан
/[rit͡sunajan]/
🔒
14
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вицунароан
/[wit͡sunarojan]/
0
|
йицунароан
/[jit͡sunarojan]/
0
|
бицунароан
/[bit͡sunarojan]/
🔒
9
|
рицунароан
/[rit͡sunarojan]/
🔒
1
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вица
/[wit͡sa]/
0
|
йица
/[jit͡sa]/
0
|
бица
/[bit͡sa]/
🔒
28
|
рица
/[rit͡sa]/
🔒
1
|
| Imp Alt |
вице
0
(generated)
|
йице
0
(generated)
|
бице
🔒
190
|
рице
0
(generated)
|
| Prohibitive |
вицунге
/[wit͡sunge]/
0
|
йицунге
/[jit͡sunge]/
0
|
бицунге
/[bit͡sunge]/
🔒
38
|
рицунге
/[rit͡sunge]/
🔒
2
|
| Optative |
вицаги
/[wit͡sagi]/
0
|
йицаги
/[jit͡sagi]/
0
|
бицаги
/[bit͡sagi]/
0
|
рицаги
/[rit͡sagi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вицунгеги
/[wit͡sungegi]/
0
|
йицунгеги
/[jit͡sungegi]/
0
|
бицунгеги
/[bit͡sungegi]/
0
|
рицунгеги
/[rit͡sungegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вицинин
/[wit͡sinin]/
🔒
0
|
йицинин
/[jit͡sinin]/
🔒
0
|
бицинин
/[bit͡sinin]/
🔒
55
|
рицинин
/[rit͡sinin]/
🔒
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вицани
/[wit͡sani]/
0
|
йицани
/[jit͡sani]/
0
|
бицани
/[bit͡sani]/
🔒
446
|
рицани
/[rit͡sani]/
🔒
3
|
| Conditional Negative |
вицинчӀони
/[wit͡sint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йицинчӀони
/[jit͡sint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бицинчӀони
/[bit͡sint͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
13
|
рицинчӀони
/[rit͡sint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вицанищ
/[wit͡saniʃː]/
0
|
йицанищ
/[jit͡saniʃː]/
0
|
бицанищ
/[bit͡saniʃː]/
0
|
рицанищ
/[rit͡saniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вицинчӀищ
/[wit͡sint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йицинчӀищ
/[jit͡sint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бицинчӀищ
/[bit͡sint͡ʃˀiʃː]/
🔒
2
|
рицинчӀищ
/[rit͡sint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вицунищ
/[wit͡suniʃː]/
0
|
йицунищ
/[jit͡suniʃː]/
0
|
бицунищ
/[bit͡suniʃː]/
🔒
2
|
рицунищ
/[rit͡suniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вицунарищ
/[wit͡sunariʃː]/
0
|
йицунарищ
/[jit͡sunariʃː]/
0
|
бицунарищ
/[bit͡sunariʃː]/
🔒
1
|
рицунарищ
/[rit͡sunariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вицинищ
/[wit͡siniʃː]/
0
|
йицинищ
/[jit͡siniʃː]/
0
|
бицинищ
/[bit͡siniʃː]/
🔒
14
|
рицинищ
/[rit͡siniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вицинарищ
/[wit͡sinariʃː]/
0
|
йицинарищ
/[jit͡sinariʃː]/
0
|
бицинарищ
/[bit͡sinariʃː]/
🔒
15
|
рицинарищ
/[rit͡sinariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вицарав
/[wit͡saraw]/
0
|
йицарай
/[jit͡saraj]/
0
|
бицараб
/[bit͡sarab]/
🔒
496
|
рицарал
/[rit͡saral]/
🔒
36
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вицинчӀев
/[wit͡sint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йицинчӀей
/[jit͡sint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бицинчӀеб
/[bit͡sint͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
9
|
рицинчӀел
/[rit͡sint͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
вицунев
/[wit͡sunew]/
0
|
йицуней
/[jit͡sunej]/
0
|
бицунеб
/[bit͡suneb]/
🔒
2066
|
рицунел
/[rit͡sunel]/
🔒
127
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вицунарев
/[wit͡sunarew]/
0
|
йицунарей
/[jit͡sunarej]/
0
|
бицунареб
/[bit͡sunareb]/
🔒
23
|
рицунарел
/[rit͡sunarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
вицинев
/[wit͡sinew]/
0
|
йициней
/[jit͡sinej]/
0
|
бицинеб
/[bit͡sineb]/
🔒
31
|
рицинел
/[rit͡sinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вицинарев
/[wit͡sinarew]/
0
|
йицинарей
/[jit͡sinarej]/
0
|
бицинареб
/[bit͡sinareb]/
0
|
рицинарел
/[rit͡sinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вицинехъин
/[wit͡sineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
йицинехъин
/[jit͡sineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
бицинехъин
/[bit͡sineq͡χːin]/
🔒
16
|
рицинехъин
/[rit͡sineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вицинехъинро
/[wit͡sineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йицинехъинро
/[jit͡sineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бицинехъинро
/[bit͡sineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рицинехъинро
/[rit͡sineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вицаяв
/[wit͡sajaw]/
0
|
йицаяй
/[jit͡sajaj]/
0
|
бицаяб
/[bit͡sajab]/
0
|
рицаял
/[rit͡sajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вицарав
0
|
йицарай
0
|
бицараб
496
|
рицарал
36
|
| Ergative |
вицарас
0
|
йицаралъ
0
|
бицаралъ
8
|
рицараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вицарасул
0
|
йицаралъул
0
|
бицаралъул
18
|
рицаразул
0
|
| Dative |
вицарасе
0
|
йицаралъе
0
|
бицаралъе
3
|
рицаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вицарасда
0
|
йицаралъда
0
|
бицаралъда
0
|
рицаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вицарасде
0
|
йицаралъде
0
|
бицаралъде
0
|
рицаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вицарасдаса
0
|
йицаралъдаса
0
|
бицаралъдаса
0
|
рицараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вицарасдасан
0
|
йицаралъдасан
0
|
бицаралъдасан
0
|
рицараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вицарасухъ
0
|
йицаралъухъ
0
|
бицаралъухъ
16
|
рицаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вицарасухъе
0
|
йицаралъухъе
0
|
бицаралъухъе
0
|
рицаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вицарасухъа
0
|
йицаралъухъа
0
|
бицаралъухъа
0
|
рицаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вицарасухъан
0
|
йицаралъухъан
0
|
бицаралъухъан
0
|
рицаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вицарасулъ
0
|
йицаралъулъ
0
|
бицаралъулъ
1
|
рицаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вицарасулъе
0
|
йицаралъулъе
0
|
бицаралъулъе
0
|
рицаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вицарасулъа
0
|
йицаралъулъа
0
|
бицаралъулъа
0
|
рицаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вицарасулъан
0
|
йицаралъулъан
0
|
бицаралъулъан
0
|
рицаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вицарасукь
0
|
йицаралъукь
0
|
бицаралъукь
0
|
рицаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вицарасукье
0
|
йицаралъукье
0
|
бицаралъукье
0
|
рицаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вицарасукьа
0
|
йицаралъукьа
0
|
бицаралъукьа
0
|
рицаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вицарасукьан
0
|
йицаралъукьан
0
|
бицаралъукьан
0
|
рицаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вицун
/[wit͡sun]/
0
|
йицун
/[jit͡sun]/
0
|
бицун
/[bit͡sun]/
🔒
1319
|
рицун
/[rit͡sun]/
🔒
64
|
| Adverbial Past |
вицун
/[wit͡sun]/
0
|
йицун
/[jit͡sun]/
0
|
бицун
/[bit͡sun]/
🔒
1319
|
рицун
/[rit͡sun]/
🔒
64
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вицинчӀого
/[wit͡sint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йицинчӀого
/[jit͡sint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бицинчӀого
/[bit͡sint͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
94
|
рицинчӀого
/[rit͡sint͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
12
|
| Adverbial General |
вицунаго
/[wit͡sunago]/
0
|
йицунаго
/[jit͡sunago]/
0
|
бицунаго
/[bit͡sunago]/
🔒
262
|
рицунаго
/[rit͡sunago]/
🔒
2
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вицунарого
/[wit͡sunarogo]/
0
|
йицунарого
/[jit͡sunarogo]/
0
|
бицунарого
/[bit͡sunarogo]/
0
|
рицунарого
/[rit͡sunarogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вицин
/[wit͡sin]/
0
|
йицин
/[jit͡sin]/
0
|
бицин
/[bit͡sin]/
🔒
72
|
рицин
/[rit͡sin]/
🔒
5
|
| Infinitive |
вицине
/[wit͡sine]/
0
|
йицине
/[jit͡sine]/
0
|
бицине
/[bit͡sine]/
🔒
1257
|
рицине
/[rit͡sine]/
🔒
60
|
| Causative |
вицинавизе
/[wit͡sinawize]/
🔒
0
|
йицинайизе
/[jit͡sinajize]/
0
|
бицинабизе
/[bit͡sinabize]/
🔒
4
|
рицинаризе
/[rit͡sinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вицинавуларо
/[wit͡sinawularo]/
0
|
йицинайуларо
/[jit͡sinajularo]/
0
|
бицинабуларо
/[bit͡sinabularo]/
0
|
рицинаруларо
/[rit͡sinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вицанхъизе
/[wit͡sanq͡χːize]/
0
|
йицанхъизе
/[jit͡sanq͡χːize]/
0
|
бицанхъизе
/[bit͡sanq͡χːize]/
0
|
рицанхъизе
/[rit͡sanq͡χːize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вицанхъиларо
/[wit͡sanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
йицанхъиларо
/[jit͡sanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
бицанхъиларо
/[bit͡sanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
рицанхъиларо
/[rit͡sanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
виц-вицине
/[wit͡s-wit͡sine]/
0
|
йиц-йицине
/[jit͡s-jit͡sine]/
0
|
биц-бицине
/[bit͡s-bit͡sine]/
0
|
риц-рицине
/[rit͡s-rit͡sine]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
виц-вицинаро
/[wit͡s-wit͡sinaro]/
0
|
йиц-йицинаро
/[jit͡s-jit͡sinaro]/
0
|
биц-бицинаро
/[bit͡s-bit͡sinaro]/
0
|
риц-рицинаро
/[rit͡s-rit͡sinaro]/
0
|