Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
обвести
оттянуть
вешать
взвеситься
вывесить
дотащить
закурить
курить
натянуть
отвесить
оттаскать
передвинуть
подвергнуть
подтянуться
подышать
потянуть
приклонить
проложить
протянуть
раздать
расчертить
свешать
тянуть
потягивать
влечь
свесить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: ts'aze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
173459
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
370
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀана
[t͡sˀana]
🔒
99
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀачӀо
[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀo]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀала
[t͡sˀala]
🔒
85
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀаларо
[t͡sˀalaro]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀала
[t͡sˀala]
🔒
85
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀаларо
[t͡sˀalaro]
🔒
11
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀалаан
[t͡sʼalajan]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀалароан
[t͡sʼalarojan]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀа
[t͡sˀa]
🔒
1409
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀаге
[t͡sˀage]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀаги
[t͡sˀagi]
🔒
132
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀагеги
[t͡sˀagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀазин
[t͡sˀazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀани
[t͡sˀani]
🔒
51
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀачӀони
[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀанищ
[t͡sˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀачӀищ
[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалищ
[t͡sˀaliʃː]
🔒
11
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаларищ
[t͡sˀalariʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалищ
[t͡sˀaliʃː]
🔒
11
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаларищ
[t͡sˀalariʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀарав
/[t͡sˀaraw]/
🔒
15
|
цӀарай
/[t͡sˀaraj]/
🔒
4
|
цӀараб
/[t͡sˀarab]/
🔒
92
|
цӀарал
/[t͡sˀaral]/
🔒
910
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀачӀев
/[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀачӀей
/[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀачӀеб
/[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
4
|
цӀачӀел
/[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
цӀалев
/[t͡sˀalew]/
🔒
39
|
цӀалей
/[t͡sˀalej]/
🔒
6
|
цӀалеб
/[t͡sˀaleb]/
🔒
121
|
цӀалел
/[t͡sˀalel]/
🔒
95
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀаларев
/[t͡sˀalarew]/
0
|
цӀаларей
/[t͡sˀalarej]/
0
|
цӀалареб
/[t͡sˀalareb]/
🔒
5
|
цӀаларел
/[t͡sˀalarel]/
🔒
5
|
| Future Participle |
цӀалев
/[t͡sˀalew]/
🔒
39
|
цӀалей
/[t͡sˀalej]/
🔒
6
|
цӀалеб
/[t͡sˀaleb]/
🔒
121
|
цӀалел
/[t͡sˀalel]/
🔒
95
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀаларев
/[t͡sˀalarew]/
0
|
цӀаларей
/[t͡sˀalarej]/
0
|
цӀалареб
/[t͡sˀalareb]/
🔒
5
|
цӀаларел
/[t͡sˀalarel]/
🔒
5
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀазехъин
[t͡sˀazeq͡χːin]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀазехъинро
[t͡sˀazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀаяв
/[t͡sˀajaw]/
0
|
цӀаяй
/[t͡sˀajaj]/
0
|
цӀаяб
/[t͡sˀajab]/
0
|
цӀаял
/[t͡sʼajal]/
🔒
61
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀарав
15
|
цӀарай
4
|
цӀараб
92
|
цӀарал
910
|
| Ergative |
цӀарас
1
|
цӀаралъ
38
|
цӀаралъ
38
|
цӀараз
5
|
| Genitive |
цӀарасул
0
|
цӀаралъул
76
|
цӀаралъул
76
|
цӀаразул
57
|
| Dative |
цӀарасе
0
|
цӀаралъе
132
|
цӀаралъе
132
|
цӀаразе
11
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀарасда
0
|
цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀаразда
80
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀарасде
0
|
цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀаразде
2
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀараздаса
10
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀараздасан
5
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀаралъухъ
3
|
цӀаралъухъ
3
|
цӀаразухъ
5
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀаралъулъ
3
|
цӀаралъулъ
3
|
цӀаразулъ
6
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀарасукь
0
|
цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀарасукье
0
|
цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀан
[t͡sʼan]
🔒
354
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀан
[t͡sˀan]
🔒
354
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀачӀого
[t͡sˀat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
29
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀалаго
[t͡sˀalago]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀаларого
[t͡sˀalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀай
[t͡sˀaj]
🔒
151
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀазе
[t͡sˀaze]
🔒
370
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀазавизе
/[t͡sʼazawize]/
🔒
1
|
цӀазайизе
/[t͡sʼazajize]/
🔒
0
|
цӀазабизе
/[t͡sˀazabize]/
🔒
1
|
цӀазаризе
/[t͡sʼazarize]/
🔒
3
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀазавуларо
/[t͡sʼazawularo]/
0
|
цӀазайуларо
/[t͡sʼazajularo]/
0
|
цӀазабуларо
/[t͡sˀazabularo]/
0
|
цӀазаруларо
/[t͡sʼazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀадаризе
[t͡sˀadarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀадариларо
[t͡sˀadarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀа-цӀазе
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀа-цӀаларо
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalaro]
0
|
|||