Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
растягивать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'a-ts'aze
Derivation Method
Reduplication
Derived From
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2650
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-02-15 07:00
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀа-цӀана
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀа-цӀачӀо
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀа-цӀала
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀа-цӀаларо
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀа-цӀала
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀа-цӀаларо
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀа-цӀалаан
[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀа-цӀалароан
[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀа-цӀа
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀа-цӀаге
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀа-цӀаги
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀа-цӀагеги
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀа-цӀазин
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀа-цӀани
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀа-цӀачӀони
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀа-цӀанищ
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀа-цӀачӀищ
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀа-цӀалищ
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀа-цӀаларищ
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀа-цӀалищ
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀа-цӀаларищ
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀа-цӀарав
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaraw]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀарай
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaraj]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀараб
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀarab]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀарал
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀа-цӀачӀев
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀачӀей
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀачӀеб
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀачӀел
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀа-цӀалев
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalew]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалей
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalej]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалеб
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaleb]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалел
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀа-цӀаларев
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalarew]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀаларей
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalarej]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалареб
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalareb]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀаларел
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀа-цӀалев
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalew]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалей
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalej]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалеб
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaleb]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалел
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀа-цӀаларев
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalarew]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀаларей
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalarej]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀалареб
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalareb]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀаларел
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀа-цӀазехъин
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀа-цӀазехъинро
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀа-цӀаяв
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀajaw]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀаяй
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀajaj]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀаяб
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀajab]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀаял
/[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀа-цӀарав
0
|
цӀа-цӀарай
0
|
цӀа-цӀараб
0
|
цӀа-цӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀа-цӀарас
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀа-цӀарасул
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъул
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъул
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀа-цӀарасе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀа-цӀарасда
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀа-цӀарасде
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀа-цӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀа-цӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀа-цӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀа-цӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀа-цӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀа-цӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀа-цӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀа-цӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀа-цӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀа-цӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀа-цӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀа-цӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀа-цӀарасукь
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀа-цӀарасукье
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀа-цӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀа-цӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀа-цӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀа-цӀан
[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀа-цӀан
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀа-цӀачӀого
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀа-цӀалаго
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀа-цӀаларого
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀа-цӀай
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀа-цӀазе
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀа-цӀазавизе
/[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼazawize]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀазайизе
/[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼazajize]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀазабизе
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀazabize]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀазаризе
/[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀа-цӀазавуларо
/[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼazawularo]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀазайуларо
/[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼazajularo]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀазабуларо
/[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀazabularo]/
0
|
цӀа-цӀазаруларо
/[t͡sʼa-t͡sʼazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀа-цӀааризе
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀа-цӀаариларо
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀа-цӀа-цӀа-цӀазе
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀa-t͡sˀa-t͡sˀaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀа-цӀа-цӀа-цӀаларо
[t͡sˀa-t͡sˀa-t͡sˀa-t͡sˀalaro]
0
|
|||