Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
возникнуть
вселиться
встретиться
выйти
вылиться
доводиться
думаться
есть
зайти
зародиться
казаться
клониться
нагрянуть
нормализоваться
оговориться
озаботиться
оказаться
очутиться
пасть
перегнать
перемениться
повлечь
подлежать
полагаться
получиться
послужить
посчитать
прийтись
приключиться
приходиться
причитаться
свершиться
сидеть
случиться
совершиться
создаться
составиться
стать
статься
стрястись
твориться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: kkeze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
174334
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1035
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ккана
[kːana]
🔒
3906
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ккечӀо
[kːet͡ʃʼo]
🔒
506
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ккела
[kːela]
🔒
548
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ккеларо
[kːelaro]
🔒
189
|
|||
| Constative |
ккола
[kːola]
🔒
14714
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кколаро
[kːolaro]
🔒
741
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кколаан
[kːolajan]
🔒
1136
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кколароан
[kːolarojan]
🔒
82
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кка
[kːa]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ккоге
[kːoge]
🔒
40
|
|||
| Optative |
ккаги
[kːagi]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ккогеги
[kːogegi]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Hortative |
ккезин
[kːezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ккани
[kːani]
🔒
1319
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ккечӀони
[kːet͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
30
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кканищ
[kːaniʃː]
🔒
30
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ккечӀищ
[kːet͡ʃʼiʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кколищ
[kːoliʃː]
🔒
67
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кколарищ
[kːolariʃː]
🔒
40
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ккелищ
[kːeliʃː]
🔒
8
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ккеларищ
[kːelariʃː]
🔒
88
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ккарав
/[kːaraw]/
🔒
297
|
ккарай
/[kːaraj]/
🔒
85
|
ккараб
/[kːarab]/
🔒
2629
|
ккарал
/[kːaral]/
🔒
1291
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ккечӀев
/[kːet͡ʃʼew]/
🔒
28
|
ккечӀей
/[kːet͡ʃʼej]/
🔒
4
|
ккечӀеб
/[kːet͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
64
|
ккечӀел
/[kːet͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
32
|
| Present Participle |
кколев
/[kːolew]/
🔒
543
|
кколей
/[kːolej]/
🔒
98
|
кколеб
/[kːoleb]/
🔒
4682
|
кколел
/[kːolel]/
🔒
2038
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кколарев
/[kːolarew]/
🔒
36
|
кколарей
/[kːolarej]/
🔒
1
|
кколареб
/[kːolareb]/
🔒
275
|
кколарел
/[kːolarel]/
🔒
203
|
| Future Participle |
ккелев
/[kːelew]/
🔒
3
|
ккелей
/[kːelej]/
🔒
1
|
ккелеб
/[kːeleb]/
🔒
42
|
ккелел
/[kːelel]/
🔒
6
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ккеларев
/[kːelarew]/
0
|
ккеларей
/[kːelarej]/
🔒
1
|
ккелареб
/[kːelareb]/
🔒
10
|
ккеларел
/[kːelarel]/
🔒
3
|
| Intentional Participle |
ккезехъин
[kːezeq͡χːin]
🔒
62
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ккезехъинро
[kːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ккаяв
/[kːajaw]/
0
|
ккаяй
/[kːajaj]/
0
|
ккаяб
/[kːajab]/
🔒
1
|
ккаял
/[kːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ккарав
297
|
ккарай
85
|
ккараб
2629
|
ккарал
1291
|
| Ergative |
ккарас
14
|
ккаралъ
2
|
ккаралъ
2
|
ккараз
19
|
| Genitive |
ккарасул
7
|
ккаралъул
26
|
ккаралъул
26
|
ккаразул
78
|
| Dative |
ккарасе
16
|
ккаралъе
4
|
ккаралъе
4
|
ккаразе
140
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ккарасда
6
|
ккаралъда
0
|
ккаралъда
0
|
ккаразда
31
|
| Allative (-де) |
ккарасде
1
|
ккаралъде
0
|
ккаралъде
0
|
ккаразде
4
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ккарасдаса
2
|
ккаралъдаса
0
|
ккаралъдаса
0
|
ккараздаса
1
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ккарасдасан
0
|
ккаралъдасан
0
|
ккаралъдасан
0
|
ккараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ккарасухъ
0
|
ккаралъухъ
0
|
ккаралъухъ
0
|
ккаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ккарасухъе
0
|
ккаралъухъе
0
|
ккаралъухъе
0
|
ккаразухъе
5
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ккарасухъа
0
|
ккаралъухъа
0
|
ккаралъухъа
0
|
ккаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ккарасухъан
0
|
ккаралъухъан
0
|
ккаралъухъан
0
|
ккаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ккарасулъ
0
|
ккаралъулъ
0
|
ккаралъулъ
0
|
ккаразулъ
1
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ккарасулъе
0
|
ккаралъулъе
0
|
ккаралъулъе
0
|
ккаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ккарасулъа
0
|
ккаралъулъа
0
|
ккаралъулъа
0
|
ккаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ккарасулъан
0
|
ккаралъулъан
0
|
ккаралъулъан
0
|
ккаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ккарасукь
0
|
ккаралъукь
0
|
ккаралъукь
0
|
ккаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ккарасукье
0
|
ккаралъукье
0
|
ккаралъукье
0
|
ккаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ккарасукьа
0
|
ккаралъукьа
0
|
ккаралъукьа
0
|
ккаразукьа
1
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ккарасукьан
0
|
ккаралъукьан
0
|
ккаралъукьан
0
|
ккаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ккон
[kːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ккун
[kːun]
🔒
4854
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ккечӀого
[kːet͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
424
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кколаго
[kːolago]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кколарого
[kːolarogo]
🔒
14
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ккей
[kːej]
🔒
313
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ккезе
[kːeze]
🔒
1035
|
|||
| Causative |
ккезавизе
/[kːezawize]/
🔒
13
|
ккезайизе
/[kːezajize]/
🔒
0
|
ккезабизе
/[kːezabize]/
🔒
147
|
ккезаризе
/[kːezarize]/
🔒
43
|
| Causative Negative |
ккезавуларо
/[kːezawularo]/
0
|
ккезайуларо
/[kːezajularo]/
0
|
ккезабуларо
/[kːezabularo]/
0
|
ккезаруларо
/[kːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ккедаризе
[kːedarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ккедариларо
[kːedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кке-ккезе
[kːe-kːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кке-ккеларо
[kːe-kːelaro]
0
|
|||