Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
встряхнуть
выбить
выколотить
запнуться
клевать
обмахнуть
отряхнуть
постучать
потрясти
струсить
стряхнуть
стукнуть
стучать
трусить
хлопать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kʼutʼize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
175668
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
17
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
кӀутӀана
[kˀutˀana]
🔒
19
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кӀутӀичӀо
[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кӀутӀила
[kˀutˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кӀутӀиларо
[kˀutˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кӀутӀула
[kˀutˀula]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кӀутӀуларо
[kˀutˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кӀутӀулаан
[kʼutʼulajan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кӀутӀулароан
[kʼutʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кӀутӀе
[kˀutˀe]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кӀутӀуге
[kˀutˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кӀутӀеги
[kʼutʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кӀутӀугеги
[kˀutˀugegi]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Hortative |
кӀутӀизин
[kˀutˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кӀутӀани
[kˀutˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кӀутӀичӀони
[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀутӀанищ
[kˀutˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀутӀичӀищ
[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀутӀулищ
[kˀutˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀутӀуларищ
[kˀutˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀутӀилищ
[kˀutˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀутӀиларищ
[kˀutˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кӀутӀарав
/[kˀutˀaraw]/
🔒
2
|
кӀутӀарай
/[kˀutˀaraj]/
🔒
0
|
кӀутӀараб
/[kˀutˀarab]/
🔒
5
|
кӀутӀарал
/[kˀutˀaral]/
🔒
2
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кӀутӀичӀев
/[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
1
|
кӀутӀичӀей
/[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
кӀутӀичӀеб
/[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кӀутӀичӀел
/[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кӀутӀулев
/[kˀutˀulew]/
🔒
4
|
кӀутӀулей
/[kˀutˀulej]/
🔒
0
|
кӀутӀулеб
/[kˀutˀuleb]/
🔒
4
|
кӀутӀулел
/[kˀutˀulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кӀутӀуларев
/[kˀutˀularew]/
🔒
0
|
кӀутӀуларей
/[kˀutˀularej]/
🔒
0
|
кӀутӀулареб
/[kˀutˀulareb]/
🔒
1
|
кӀутӀуларел
/[kˀutˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кӀутӀилев
/[kˀutˀilew]/
0
|
кӀутӀилей
/[kˀutˀilej]/
0
|
кӀутӀилеб
/[kˀutˀileb]/
0
|
кӀутӀилел
/[kˀutˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кӀутӀиларев
/[kˀutˀilarew]/
0
|
кӀутӀиларей
/[kˀutˀilarej]/
0
|
кӀутӀилареб
/[kˀutˀilareb]/
0
|
кӀутӀиларел
/[kˀutˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кӀутӀизехъин
[kˀutˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кӀутӀизехъинро
[kˀutˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кӀутӀеяв
/[kˀutˀejaw]/
0
|
кӀутӀеяй
/[kˀutˀejaj]/
0
|
кӀутӀеяб
/[kˀutˀejab]/
0
|
кӀутӀеял
/[kʼutʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кӀутӀарав
2
|
кӀутӀарай
0
|
кӀутӀараб
5
|
кӀутӀарал
2
|
| Ergative |
кӀутӀарас
0
|
кӀутӀаралъ
0
|
кӀутӀаралъ
0
|
кӀутӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
кӀутӀарасул
0
|
кӀутӀаралъул
0
|
кӀутӀаралъул
0
|
кӀутӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
кӀутӀарасе
0
|
кӀутӀаралъе
0
|
кӀутӀаралъе
0
|
кӀутӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кӀутӀарасда
0
|
кӀутӀаралъда
0
|
кӀутӀаралъда
0
|
кӀутӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кӀутӀарасде
0
|
кӀутӀаралъде
0
|
кӀутӀаралъде
0
|
кӀутӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кӀутӀарасдаса
0
|
кӀутӀаралъдаса
0
|
кӀутӀаралъдаса
0
|
кӀутӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кӀутӀарасдасан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъдасан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъдасан
0
|
кӀутӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кӀутӀарасухъ
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъ
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъ
0
|
кӀутӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кӀутӀарасухъе
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъе
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъе
0
|
кӀутӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кӀутӀарасухъа
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъа
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъа
0
|
кӀутӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кӀутӀарасухъан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъухъан
0
|
кӀутӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кӀутӀарасулъ
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъ
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъ
0
|
кӀутӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кӀутӀарасулъе
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъе
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъе
0
|
кӀутӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кӀутӀарасулъа
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъа
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъа
0
|
кӀутӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кӀутӀарасулъан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъулъан
0
|
кӀутӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кӀутӀарасукь
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукь
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукь
0
|
кӀутӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кӀутӀарасукье
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукье
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукье
0
|
кӀутӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кӀутӀарасукьа
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукьа
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукьа
0
|
кӀутӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кӀутӀарасукьан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукьан
0
|
кӀутӀаралъукьан
0
|
кӀутӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кӀутӀун
[kʼutʼun]
🔒
61
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кӀутӀун
[kˀutˀun]
🔒
61
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кӀутӀичӀого
[kˀutˀit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кӀутӀулаго
[kˀutˀulago]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кӀутӀуларого
[kˀutˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кӀутӀи
[kˀutˀi]
🔒
26
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кӀутӀизе
[kˀutˀize]
🔒
17
|
|||
| Causative |
кӀутӀизавизе
/[kʼutʼizawize]/
0
|
кӀутӀизайизе
/[kʼutʼizajize]/
0
|
кӀутӀизабизе
/[kˀutˀizabize]/
0
|
кӀутӀизаризе
/[kʼutʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кӀутӀизавуларо
/[kʼutʼizawularo]/
0
|
кӀутӀизайуларо
/[kʼutʼizajularo]/
0
|
кӀутӀизабуларо
/[kˀutˀizabularo]/
0
|
кӀутӀизаруларо
/[kʼutʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кӀутӀиаризе
[kˀutˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кӀутӀиариларо
[kˀutˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кӀутӀ-кӀутӀизе
[kˀutˀ-kˀutˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кӀутӀ-кӀутӀиларо
[kˀutˀ-kˀutˀilaro]
0
|
|||