Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
выбрать; выбирать; избирать; собирать (яблоки, колосы)
клевать
очистить
перебрать
подобрать
улучить
English
to choose, to pick; to elect; to gather (apples, ears of corn)
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bishchize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
175876
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
170
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
вищана
/[wiʃːana]/
🔒
287
|
йищана
/[jiʃːana]/
🔒
12
|
бищана
/[biʃːana]/
🔒
109
|
рищана
/[riʃːana]/
🔒
32
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вищичӀо
/[wiʃːit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
2
|
йищичӀо
/[jiʃːit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бищичӀо
/[biʃːit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
4
|
рищичӀо
/[riʃːit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Simple |
вищила
/[wiʃːila]/
🔒
2
|
йищила
/[jiʃːila]/
🔒
1
|
бищила
/[biʃːila]/
🔒
4
|
рищила
/[riʃːila]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вищиларо
/[wiʃːilaro]/
0
|
йищиларо
/[jiʃːilaro]/
0
|
бищиларо
/[biʃːilaro]/
0
|
рищиларо
/[riʃːilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вищула
/[wiʃːula]/
🔒
82
|
йищула
/[jiʃːula]/
🔒
3
|
бищула
/[biʃːula]/
🔒
41
|
рищула
/[riʃːula]/
🔒
23
|
| Constative Negative |
вищуларо
/[wiʃːularo]/
🔒
1
|
йищуларо
/[jiʃːularo]/
0
|
бищуларо
/[biʃːularo]/
🔒
2
|
рищуларо
/[riʃːularo]/
🔒
1
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вищулаан
/[wiʃːulaan]/
🔒
6
|
йищулаан
/[jiʃːulaan]/
🔒
1
|
бищулаан
/[biʃːulaan]/
🔒
7
|
рищулаан
/[riʃːulaan]/
🔒
7
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вищулароан
/[wiʃːularoan]/
0
|
йищулароан
/[jiʃːularoan]/
0
|
бищулароан
/[biʃːularoan]/
0
|
рищулароан
/[riʃːularoan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вище
/[wiʃːe]/
🔒
5
|
йище
/[jiʃːe]/
0
|
бище
/[biʃːe]/
🔒
9
|
рище
/[riʃːe]/
🔒
3
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вищуге
/[wiʃːuge]/
🔒
1
|
йищуге
/[jiʃːuge]/
0
|
бищуге
/[biʃːuge]/
0
|
рищуге
/[riʃːuge]/
🔒
1
|
| Optative |
вищеги
/[wiʃːegi]/
0
|
йищеги
/[jiʃːegi]/
0
|
бищеги
/[biʃːegi]/
0
|
рищеги
/[riʃːegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вищугеги
/[wiʃːugegi]/
0
|
йищугеги
/[jiʃːugegi]/
0
|
бищугеги
/[biʃːugegi]/
0
|
рищугеги
/[riʃːugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вищизин
/[wiʃːizin]/
0
|
йищизин
/[jiʃːizin]/
0
|
бищизин
/[biʃːizin]/
0
|
рищизин
/[riʃːizin]/
🔒
1
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вищани
/[wiʃːani]/
🔒
13
|
йищани
/[jiʃːani]/
0
|
бищани
/[biʃːani]/
🔒
8
|
рищани
/[riʃːani]/
🔒
2
|
| Conditional Negative |
вищичӀони
/[wiʃːit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
1
|
йищичӀони
/[jiʃːit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бищичӀони
/[biʃːit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
рищичӀони
/[riʃːit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
1
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вищанищ
/[wiʃːaniʃː]/
0
|
йищанищ
/[jiʃːaniʃː]/
0
|
бищанищ
/[biʃːaniʃː]/
0
|
рищанищ
/[riʃːaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вищичӀищ
/[wiʃːit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йищичӀищ
/[jiʃːit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бищичӀищ
/[biʃːit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рищичӀищ
/[riʃːit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вищулищ
/[wiʃːuliʃː]/
0
|
йищулищ
/[jiʃːuliʃː]/
0
|
бищулищ
/[biʃːuliʃː]/
0
|
рищулищ
/[riʃːuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вищуларищ
/[wiʃːulariʃː]/
0
|
йищуларищ
/[jiʃːulariʃː]/
0
|
бищуларищ
/[biʃːulariʃː]/
0
|
рищуларищ
/[riʃːulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вищилищ
/[wiʃːiliʃː]/
0
|
йищилищ
/[jiʃːiliʃː]/
0
|
бищилищ
/[biʃːiliʃː]/
0
|
рищилищ
/[riʃːiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вищиларищ
/[wiʃːilariʃː]/
0
|
йищиларищ
/[jiʃːilariʃː]/
0
|
бищиларищ
/[biʃːilariʃː]/
0
|
рищиларищ
/[riʃːilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вищарав
/[wiʃːaraw]/
🔒
107
|
йищарай
/[jiʃːaraj]/
🔒
1
|
бищараб
/[biʃːarab]/
🔒
239
|
рищарал
/[riʃːaral]/
🔒
93
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вищичӀев
/[wiʃːit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йищичӀей
/[jiʃːit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бищичӀеб
/[biʃːit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
2
|
рищичӀел
/[riʃːit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
вищулев
/[wiʃːulew]/
🔒
24
|
йищулей
/[jiʃːulej]/
0
|
бищулеб
/[biʃːuleb]/
🔒
35
|
рищулел
/[riʃːulel]/
🔒
47
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вищуларев
/[wiʃːularew]/
0
|
йищуларей
/[jiʃːularej]/
0
|
бищулареб
/[biʃːulareb]/
🔒
1
|
рищуларел
/[riʃːularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вищилев
/[wiʃːilew]/
🔒
2
|
йищилей
/[jiʃːilej]/
0
|
бищилеб
/[biʃːileb]/
🔒
8
|
рищилел
/[riʃːilel]/
🔒
6
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вищиларев
/[wiʃːilarew]/
0
|
йищиларей
/[jiʃːilarej]/
0
|
бищилареб
/[biʃːilareb]/
0
|
рищиларел
/[riʃːilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вищизехъин
/[wiʃːizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
1
|
йищизехъин
/[jiʃːizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
бищизехъин
/[biʃːizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
рищизехъин
/[riʃːizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вищизехъинро
/[wiʃːizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йищизехъинро
/[jiʃːizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бищизехъинро
/[biʃːizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рищизехъинро
/[riʃːizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вищеяв
/[wiʃːejaw]/
0
|
йищеяй
/[jiʃːejaj]/
0
|
бищеяб
/[biʃːejab]/
0
|
рищеял
/[riʃːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вищарав
107
|
йищарай
1
|
бищараб
239
|
рищарал
93
|
| Ergative |
вищарас
0
|
йищаралъ
0
|
бищаралъ
0
|
рищараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вищарасул
3
|
йищаралъул
0
|
бищаралъул
0
|
рищаразул
4
|
| Dative |
вищарасе
0
|
йищаралъе
0
|
бищаралъе
0
|
рищаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вищарасда
1
|
йищаралъда
0
|
бищаралъда
0
|
рищаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вищарасде
0
|
йищаралъде
0
|
бищаралъде
0
|
рищаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вищарасдаса
0
|
йищаралъдаса
0
|
бищаралъдаса
0
|
рищараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вищарасдасан
0
|
йищаралъдасан
0
|
бищаралъдасан
0
|
рищараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вищарасухъ
0
|
йищаралъухъ
0
|
бищаралъухъ
1
|
рищаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вищарасухъе
0
|
йищаралъухъе
0
|
бищаралъухъе
0
|
рищаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вищарасухъа
0
|
йищаралъухъа
0
|
бищаралъухъа
0
|
рищаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вищарасухъан
0
|
йищаралъухъан
0
|
бищаралъухъан
0
|
рищаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вищарасулъ
0
|
йищаралъулъ
0
|
бищаралъулъ
0
|
рищаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вищарасулъе
0
|
йищаралъулъе
0
|
бищаралъулъе
0
|
рищаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вищарасулъа
0
|
йищаралъулъа
0
|
бищаралъулъа
0
|
рищаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вищарасулъан
0
|
йищаралъулъан
0
|
бищаралъулъан
0
|
рищаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вищарасукь
0
|
йищаралъукь
0
|
бищаралъукь
0
|
рищаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вищарасукье
0
|
йищаралъукье
0
|
бищаралъукье
0
|
рищаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вищарасукьа
0
|
йищаралъукьа
0
|
бищаралъукьа
0
|
рищаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вищарасукьан
0
|
йищаралъукьан
0
|
бищаралъукьан
0
|
рищаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вищун
/[wiʃːun]/
🔒
115
|
йищун
/[jiʃːun]/
🔒
7
|
бищун
/[biʃːun]/
🔒
2993
|
рищун
/[riʃːun]/
🔒
90
|
| Adverbial Past |
вищун
/[wiʃːun]/
🔒
115
|
йищун
/[jiʃːun]/
🔒
7
|
бищун
/[biʃːun]/
🔒
2993
|
рищун
/[riʃːun]/
🔒
90
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вищичӀого
/[wiʃːit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
1
|
йищичӀого
/[jiʃːit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бищичӀого
/[biʃːit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
2
|
рищичӀого
/[riʃːit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
5
|
| Adverbial General |
вищулаго
/[wiʃːulago]/
🔒
5
|
йищулаго
/[jiʃːulago]/
🔒
1
|
бищулаго
/[biʃːulago]/
🔒
3
|
рищулаго
/[riʃːulago]/
🔒
6
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вищуларого
/[wiʃːularogo]/
0
|
йищуларого
/[jiʃːularogo]/
0
|
бищуларого
/[biʃːularogo]/
0
|
рищуларого
/[riʃːularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вищи
/[wiʃːi]/
🔒
28
|
йищи
/[jiʃːi]/
🔒
2
|
бищи
/[biʃːi]/
🔒
22
|
рищи
/[riʃːi]/
🔒
38
|
| Infinitive |
вищизе
/[wiʃːize]/
🔒
134
|
йищизе
/[jiʃːize]/
🔒
1
|
бищизе
/[biʃːize]/
🔒
170
|
рищизе
/[riʃːize]/
🔒
104
|
| Causative |
вищизавизе
/[wiʃːizawize]/
🔒
2
|
йищизайизе
/[jiʃːizajize]/
0
|
бищизабизе
/[biʃːizabize]/
🔒
1
|
рищизаризе
/[riʃːizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вищизавуларо
/[wiʃːizawularo]/
0
|
йищизайуларо
/[jiʃːizajularo]/
0
|
бищизабуларо
/[biʃːizabularo]/
0
|
рищизаруларо
/[riʃːizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вищиаризе
/[wiʃːiarize]/
0
|
йищиаризе
/[jiʃːiarize]/
0
|
бищиаризе
/[biʃːiarize]/
0
|
рищиаризе
/[riʃːiarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вищиариларо
/[wiʃːiarilaro]/
0
|
йищиариларо
/[jiʃːiarilaro]/
0
|
бищиариларо
/[biʃːiarilaro]/
0
|
рищиариларо
/[riʃːiarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вищ-вищизе
/[wiʃː-wiʃːize]/
0
|
йищ-йищизе
/[jiʃː-jiʃːize]/
0
|
бищ-бищизе
/[biʃː-biʃːize]/
0
|
рищ-рищизе
/[riʃː-riʃːize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вищ-вищиларо
/[wiʃː-wiʃːilaro]/
0
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йищ-йищиларо
/[jiʃː-jiʃːilaro]/
0
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бищ-бищиларо
/[biʃː-biʃːilaro]/
0
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рищ-рищиларо
/[riʃː-riʃːilaro]/
0
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