Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
выковырять; 1) продолбить, выдолбить; 2) ковырять, выковырять; 3) нанести узор, орнамент
вырезать
выцарапать
клянчить
ковырять
резать
сковырнуть
English
1) to hollow out, to gouge; 2) to pick out, to dig out; 3) to carve a pattern, to engrave
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bikʼize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
176263
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
6
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
викӀана
/[wikʼana]/
0
|
йикӀана
/[jikˀana]/
🔒
1156
|
бикӀана
/[bikʼana]/
0
|
рикӀана
/[rikˀana]/
🔒
4
|
| Past Simple Negative |
викӀичӀо
/[wikʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йикӀичӀо
/[jikʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бикӀичӀо
/[bikʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
рикӀичӀо
/[rikʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
викӀила
/[wikʼila]/
0
|
йикӀила
/[jikʼila]/
0
|
бикӀила
/[bikʼila]/
0
|
рикӀила
/[rikʼila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
викӀиларо
/[wikʼilaro]/
0
|
йикӀиларо
/[jikʼilaro]/
0
|
бикӀиларо
/[bikʼilaro]/
0
|
рикӀиларо
/[rikʼilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
викӀула
/[wikʼula]/
0
|
йикӀула
/[jikʼula]/
0
|
бикӀула
/[bikˀula]/
🔒
0
|
рикӀула
/[rikʼula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
викӀуларо
/[wikʼularo]/
0
|
йикӀуларо
/[jikʼularo]/
0
|
бикӀуларо
/[bikʼularo]/
0
|
рикӀуларо
/[rikʼularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
викӀулаан
/[wikʼulajan]/
0
|
йикӀулаан
/[jikʼulajan]/
🔒
1
|
бикӀулаан
/[bikʼulajan]/
0
|
рикӀулаан
/[rikʼulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
викӀулароан
/[wikʼularojan]/
0
|
йикӀулароан
/[jikʼularojan]/
0
|
бикӀулароан
/[bikʼularojan]/
0
|
рикӀулароан
/[rikʼularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
викӀе
/[wikʼe]/
0
|
йикӀе
/[jikʼe]/
0
|
бикӀе
/[bikˀe]/
🔒
0
|
рикӀе
/[rikʼe]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
викӀуге
/[wikʼuge]/
0
|
йикӀуге
/[jikʼuge]/
0
|
бикӀуге
/[bikʼuge]/
0
|
рикӀуге
/[rikʼuge]/
0
|
| Optative |
викӀеги
/[wikʼegi]/
0
|
йикӀеги
/[jikʼegi]/
🔒
0
|
бикӀеги
/[bikʼegi]/
0
|
рикӀеги
/[rikʼegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
викӀугеги
/[wikʼugegi]/
0
|
йикӀугеги
/[jikʼugegi]/
0
|
бикӀугеги
/[bikʼugegi]/
0
|
рикӀугеги
/[rikʼugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
викӀизин
/[wikʼizin]/
0
|
йикӀизин
/[jikʼizin]/
0
|
бикӀизин
/[bikʼizin]/
0
|
рикӀизин
/[rikʼizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
викӀани
/[wikʼani]/
0
|
йикӀани
/[jikʼani]/
0
|
бикӀани
/[bikʼani]/
0
|
рикӀани
/[rikʼani]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
викӀичӀони
/[wikʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йикӀичӀони
/[jikʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бикӀичӀони
/[bikʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
рикӀичӀони
/[rikʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
викӀанищ
/[wikʼaniʃː]/
0
|
йикӀанищ
/[jikˀaniʃː]/
🔒
4
|
бикӀанищ
/[bikʼaniʃː]/
0
|
рикӀанищ
/[rikʼaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
викӀичӀищ
/[wikʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йикӀичӀищ
/[jikʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бикӀичӀищ
/[bikʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рикӀичӀищ
/[rikʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
викӀулищ
/[wikʼuliʃː]/
0
|
йикӀулищ
/[jikʼuliʃː]/
0
|
бикӀулищ
/[bikʼuliʃː]/
0
|
рикӀулищ
/[rikʼuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
викӀуларищ
/[wikʼulariʃː]/
0
|
йикӀуларищ
/[jikʼulariʃː]/
0
|
бикӀуларищ
/[bikʼulariʃː]/
0
|
рикӀуларищ
/[rikʼulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
викӀилищ
/[wikʼiliʃː]/
0
|
йикӀилищ
/[jikʼiliʃː]/
0
|
бикӀилищ
/[bikʼiliʃː]/
0
|
рикӀилищ
/[rikʼiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
викӀиларищ
/[wikʼilariʃː]/
0
|
йикӀиларищ
/[jikʼilariʃː]/
0
|
бикӀиларищ
/[bikʼilariʃː]/
0
|
рикӀиларищ
/[rikʼilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
викӀарав
/[wikʼaraw]/
0
|
йикӀарай
/[jikˀaraj]/
🔒
344
|
бикӀараб
/[bikˀarab]/
🔒
6
|
рикӀарал
/[rikˀaral]/
🔒
10
|
| Past Participle Negative |
викӀичӀев
/[wikʼit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йикӀичӀей
/[jikʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бикӀичӀеб
/[bikʼit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
рикӀичӀел
/[rikʼit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
викӀулев
/[wikʼulew]/
0
|
йикӀулей
/[jikʼulej]/
0
|
бикӀулеб
/[bikˀuleb]/
🔒
1
|
рикӀулел
/[rikˀulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
викӀуларев
/[wikʼularew]/
0
|
йикӀуларей
/[jikʼularej]/
0
|
бикӀулареб
/[bikʼulareb]/
0
|
рикӀуларел
/[rikʼularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
викӀилев
/[wikʼilew]/
0
|
йикӀилей
/[jikʼilej]/
0
|
бикӀилеб
/[bikʼileb]/
0
|
рикӀилел
/[rikʼilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
викӀиларев
/[wikʼilarew]/
0
|
йикӀиларей
/[jikʼilarej]/
0
|
бикӀилареб
/[bikʼilareb]/
0
|
рикӀиларел
/[rikʼilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
викӀизехъин
/[wikʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йикӀизехъин
/[jikʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
бикӀизехъин
/[bikʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
рикӀизехъин
/[rikʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
викӀизехъинро
/[wikʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йикӀизехъинро
/[jikʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бикӀизехъинро
/[bikʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рикӀизехъинро
/[rikʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
викӀеяв
/[wikʼejaw]/
0
|
йикӀеяй
/[jikʼejaj]/
0
|
бикӀеяб
/[bikʼejab]/
0
|
рикӀеял
/[rikʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
викӀарав
0
|
йикӀарай
344
|
бикӀараб
6
|
рикӀарал
10
|
| Ergative |
викӀарас
0
|
йикӀаралъ
4
|
бикӀаралъ
0
|
рикӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
викӀарасул
0
|
йикӀаралъул
2
|
бикӀаралъул
0
|
рикӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
викӀарасе
0
|
йикӀаралъе
0
|
бикӀаралъе
0
|
рикӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
викӀарасда
0
|
йикӀаралъда
0
|
бикӀаралъда
0
|
рикӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
викӀарасде
0
|
йикӀаралъде
0
|
бикӀаралъде
0
|
рикӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
викӀарасдаса
0
|
йикӀаралъдаса
0
|
бикӀаралъдаса
0
|
рикӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
викӀарасдасан
0
|
йикӀаралъдасан
0
|
бикӀаралъдасан
0
|
рикӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
викӀарасухъ
0
|
йикӀаралъухъ
0
|
бикӀаралъухъ
0
|
рикӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
викӀарасухъе
0
|
йикӀаралъухъе
0
|
бикӀаралъухъе
0
|
рикӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
викӀарасухъа
0
|
йикӀаралъухъа
0
|
бикӀаралъухъа
0
|
рикӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
викӀарасухъан
0
|
йикӀаралъухъан
0
|
бикӀаралъухъан
0
|
рикӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
викӀарасулъ
0
|
йикӀаралъулъ
0
|
бикӀаралъулъ
0
|
рикӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
викӀарасулъе
0
|
йикӀаралъулъе
0
|
бикӀаралъулъе
0
|
рикӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
викӀарасулъа
0
|
йикӀаралъулъа
0
|
бикӀаралъулъа
0
|
рикӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
викӀарасулъан
0
|
йикӀаралъулъан
0
|
бикӀаралъулъан
0
|
рикӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
викӀарасукь
0
|
йикӀаралъукь
0
|
бикӀаралъукь
0
|
рикӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
викӀарасукье
0
|
йикӀаралъукье
0
|
бикӀаралъукье
0
|
рикӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
викӀарасукьа
0
|
йикӀаралъукьа
0
|
бикӀаралъукьа
0
|
рикӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
викӀарасукьан
0
|
йикӀаралъукьан
0
|
бикӀаралъукьан
0
|
рикӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
викӀун
/[wikʼun]/
0
|
йикӀун
/[jikʼun]/
🔒
264
|
бикӀун
/[bikʼun]/
🔒
40
|
рикӀун
/[rikʼun]/
🔒
11
|
| Adverbial Past |
викӀун
/[wikʼun]/
0
|
йикӀун
/[jikˀun]/
🔒
264
|
бикӀун
/[bikˀun]/
🔒
40
|
рикӀун
/[rikˀun]/
🔒
11
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
викӀичӀого
/[wikʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йикӀичӀого
/[jikʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бикӀичӀого
/[bikʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
рикӀичӀого
/[rikʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
викӀулаго
/[wikʼulago]/
0
|
йикӀулаго
/[jikʼulago]/
0
|
бикӀулаго
/[bikʼulago]/
0
|
рикӀулаго
/[rikʼulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
викӀуларого
/[wikʼularogo]/
0
|
йикӀуларого
/[jikʼularogo]/
0
|
бикӀуларого
/[bikʼularogo]/
0
|
рикӀуларого
/[rikʼularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
викӀи
/[wikʼi]/
0
|
йикӀи
/[jikˀi]/
🔒
2
|
бикӀи
/[bikʼi]/
0
|
рикӀи
/[rikˀi]/
🔒
1
|
| Infinitive |
викӀизе
/[wikʼize]/
0
|
йикӀизе
/[jikˀize]/
🔒
2
|
бикӀизе
/[bikʼize]/
🔒
6
|
рикӀизе
/[rikˀize]/
🔒
3
|
| Causative |
викӀизавизе
/[wikʼizawize]/
0
|
йикӀизайизе
/[jikʼizajize]/
0
|
бикӀизабизе
/[bikʼizabize]/
0
|
рикӀизаризе
/[rikʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
викӀизавуларо
/[wikʼizawularo]/
0
|
йикӀизайуларо
/[jikʼizajularo]/
0
|
бикӀизабуларо
/[bikʼizabularo]/
0
|
рикӀизаруларо
/[rikʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
викӀиаризе
/[wikʼijarize]/
0
|
йикӀиаризе
/[jikʼijarize]/
0
|
бикӀиаризе
/[bikʼijarize]/
0
|
рикӀиаризе
/[rikʼijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
викӀиариларо
/[wikʼijarilaro]/
0
|
йикӀиариларо
/[jikʼijarilaro]/
0
|
бикӀиариларо
/[bikʼijarilaro]/
0
|
рикӀиариларо
/[rikʼijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
викӀ-викӀизе
/[wikʼ-wikʼize]/
0
|
йикӀ-йикӀизе
/[jikʼ-jikʼize]/
0
|
бикӀ-бикӀизе
/[bikʼ-bikʼize]/
0
|
рикӀ-рикӀизе
/[rikʼ-rikʼize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
викӀ-викӀиларо
/[wikʼ-wikʼilaro]/
0
|
йикӀ-йикӀиларо
/[jikʼ-jikʼilaro]/
0
|
бикӀ-бикӀиларо
/[bikʼ-bikʼilaro]/
0
|
рикӀ-рикӀиларо
/[rikʼ-rikʼilaro]/
0
|