Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
дойти
донестись
достать
достичь
дотянуться
надвинуться
настичь
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ghuntʼize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
179688
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
10
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʕuntˀulew wugo]/ |
/[ʕuntˀulej jigo]/ |
/[ʕuntˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[ʕuntˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʕuntˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕuntˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕuntˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕuntˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гӀунтӀана
[ʕuntˀana]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀунтӀичӀо
[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀунтӀила
[ʕuntˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀунтӀиларо
[ʕuntˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀунтӀула
[ʕuntˀula]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀунтӀуларо
[ʕuntˀularo]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀунтӀулаан
[ʕuntʼulajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀунтӀулароан
[ʕuntʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀунтӀе
[ʕuntˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀунтӀуге
[ʕuntˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀунтӀеги
[ʕuntʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀунтӀугеги
[ʕuntˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀунтӀизин
[ʕuntˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀунтӀани
[ʕuntˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀунтӀичӀони
[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунтӀанищ
[ʕuntˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунтӀичӀищ
[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунтӀулищ
[ʕuntˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунтӀуларищ
[ʕuntˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунтӀилищ
[ʕuntˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунтӀиларищ
[ʕuntˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀунтӀарав
/[ʕuntˀaraw]/
🔒
9
|
гӀунтӀарай
/[ʕuntˀaraj]/
🔒
1
|
гӀунтӀараб
/[ʕuntˀarab]/
🔒
13
|
гӀунтӀарал
/[ʕuntˀaral]/
🔒
13
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀунтӀичӀев
/[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
1
|
гӀунтӀичӀей
/[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунтӀичӀеб
/[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
2
|
гӀунтӀичӀел
/[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
гӀунтӀулев
/[ʕuntˀulew]/
🔒
2
|
гӀунтӀулей
/[ʕuntˀulej]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунтӀулеб
/[ʕuntˀuleb]/
🔒
23
|
гӀунтӀулел
/[ʕuntˀulel]/
🔒
9
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀунтӀуларев
/[ʕuntˀularew]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунтӀуларей
/[ʕuntˀularej]/
🔒
1
|
гӀунтӀулареб
/[ʕuntˀulareb]/
🔒
12
|
гӀунтӀуларел
/[ʕuntˀularel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle |
гӀунтӀилев
/[ʕuntˀilew]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунтӀилей
/[ʕuntˀilej]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунтӀилеб
/[ʕuntˀileb]/
🔒
1
|
гӀунтӀилел
/[ʕuntˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀунтӀиларев
/[ʕuntˀilarew]/
0
|
гӀунтӀиларей
/[ʕuntˀilarej]/
0
|
гӀунтӀилареб
/[ʕuntˀilareb]/
0
|
гӀунтӀиларел
/[ʕuntˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀунтӀизехъин
[ʕuntˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀунтӀизехъинро
[ʕuntˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀунтӀеяв
/[ʕuntˀejaw]/
0
|
гӀунтӀеяй
/[ʕuntˀejaj]/
0
|
гӀунтӀеяб
/[ʕuntˀejab]/
0
|
гӀунтӀеял
/[ʕuntʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀунтӀарав
9
|
гӀунтӀарай
1
|
гӀунтӀараб
13
|
гӀунтӀарал
13
|
| Ergative |
гӀунтӀарас
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъ
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъ
0
|
гӀунтӀараз
2
|
| Genitive |
гӀунтӀарасул
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъул
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъул
0
|
гӀунтӀаразул
3
|
| Dative |
гӀунтӀарасе
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаразе
5
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀунтӀарасда
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъда
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъда
0
|
гӀунтӀаразда
1
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀунтӀарасде
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъде
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъде
0
|
гӀунтӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀунтӀарасдаса
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунтӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀунтӀарасдасан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунтӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀунтӀарасухъ
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунтӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀунтӀарасухъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀунтӀарасухъа
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунтӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀунтӀарасухъан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунтӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀунтӀарасулъ
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунтӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀунтӀарасулъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунтӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀунтӀарасулъа
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунтӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀунтӀарасулъан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунтӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀунтӀарасукь
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукь
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукь
0
|
гӀунтӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀунтӀарасукье
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукье
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукье
0
|
гӀунтӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀунтӀарасукьа
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунтӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀунтӀарасукьан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунтӀаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунтӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀунтӀун
[ʕuntʼun]
🔒
258
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀунтӀун
[ʕuntˀun]
🔒
258
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀунтӀичӀого
[ʕuntˀit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀунтӀулаго
[ʕuntˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀунтӀуларого
[ʕuntˀularogo]
🔒
3
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀунтӀи
[ʕuntˀi]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀунтӀизе
[ʕuntˀize]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀунтӀизавизе
/[ʕuntʼizawize]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунтӀизайизе
/[ʕuntʼizajize]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунтӀизабизе
/[ʕuntˀizabize]/
🔒
18
|
гӀунтӀизаризе
/[ʕuntʼizarize]/
🔒
4
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀунтӀизавуларо
/[ʕuntʼizawularo]/
0
|
гӀунтӀизайуларо
/[ʕuntʼizajularo]/
0
|
гӀунтӀизабуларо
/[ʕuntˀizabularo]/
0
|
гӀунтӀизаруларо
/[ʕuntʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀунтӀиаризе
[ʕuntˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀунтӀиариларо
[ʕuntˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀунтӀ-гӀунтӀизе
[ʕuntˀ-ʕuntˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀунтӀ-гӀунтӀиларо
[ʕuntˀ-ʕuntˀilaro]
0
|
|||