Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
дотронуться
задеть
законспектировать
записать
записаться
затронуть
играть
касаться
написать
начертить
обвалить
отметить
отступить
оформиться
писать
поиграть
приписать
проставить
состряпать
сформулировать
творить
трогать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: qvaze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180163
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1093
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хъвана
[q͡χːwana]
🔒
706
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъвачӀо
[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀo]
🔒
22
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъвала
[q͡χːwala]
🔒
231
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъваларо
[q͡χːwalaro]
🔒
16
|
|||
| Constative |
хъвала
[q͡χːwala]
🔒
231
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъваларо
[q͡χːwalaro]
🔒
16
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъвалаан
[q͡χːwalajan]
🔒
73
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъвалароан
[q͡χːwalarojan]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъва
[q͡χːwa]
🔒
21
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъваге
[q͡χːwage]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Optative |
хъваги
[q͡χːwagi]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъвагеги
[q͡χːwagegi]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъвазин
[q͡χːwazin]
🔒
5
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъвани
[q͡χːwani]
🔒
49
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъвачӀони
[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъванищ
[q͡χːwaniʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъвачӀищ
[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀiʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъвалищ
[q͡χːwaliʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъваларищ
[q͡χːwalariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъвалищ
[q͡χːwaliʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъваларищ
[q͡χːwalariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъварав
/[q͡χːwaraw]/
🔒
114
|
хъварай
/[q͡χːwaraj]/
🔒
6
|
хъвараб
/[q͡χːwarab]/
🔒
1271
|
хъварал
/[q͡χːwaral]/
🔒
678
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъвачӀев
/[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
9
|
хъвачӀей
/[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
1
|
хъвачӀеб
/[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
47
|
хъвачӀел
/[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
13
|
| Present Participle |
хъвалев
/[q͡χːwalew]/
🔒
69
|
хъвалей
/[q͡χːwalej]/
🔒
15
|
хъвалеб
/[q͡χːwaleb]/
🔒
1195
|
хъвалел
/[q͡χːwalel]/
🔒
223
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъваларев
/[q͡χːwalarew]/
🔒
3
|
хъваларей
/[q͡χːwalarej]/
🔒
0
|
хъвалареб
/[q͡χːwalareb]/
🔒
15
|
хъваларел
/[q͡χːwalarel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle |
хъвалев
/[q͡χːwalew]/
🔒
69
|
хъвалей
/[q͡χːwalej]/
🔒
15
|
хъвалеб
/[q͡χːwaleb]/
🔒
1195
|
хъвалел
/[q͡χːwalel]/
🔒
223
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъваларев
/[q͡χːwalarew]/
🔒
3
|
хъваларей
/[q͡χːwalarej]/
🔒
0
|
хъвалареб
/[q͡χːwalareb]/
🔒
15
|
хъваларел
/[q͡χːwalarel]/
🔒
2
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъвазехъин
[q͡χːwazeq͡χːin]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъвазехъинро
[q͡χːwazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъваяв
/[q͡χːwajaw]/
0
|
хъваяй
/[q͡χːwajaj]/
0
|
хъваяб
/[q͡χːwajab]/
0
|
хъваял
/[q͡χːwajal]/
🔒
183
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъварав
114
|
хъварай
6
|
хъвараб
1271
|
хъварал
678
|
| Ergative |
хъварас
1
|
хъваралъ
1
|
хъваралъ
1
|
хъвараз
4
|
| Genitive |
хъварасул
2
|
хъваралъул
12
|
хъваралъул
12
|
хъваразул
13
|
| Dative |
хъварасе
1
|
хъваралъе
0
|
хъваралъе
0
|
хъваразе
9
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъварасда
1
|
хъваралъда
0
|
хъваралъда
0
|
хъваразда
5
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъварасде
0
|
хъваралъде
0
|
хъваралъде
0
|
хъваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъварасдаса
0
|
хъваралъдаса
0
|
хъваралъдаса
0
|
хъвараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъварасдасан
0
|
хъваралъдасан
0
|
хъваралъдасан
0
|
хъвараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъварасухъ
0
|
хъваралъухъ
7
|
хъваралъухъ
7
|
хъваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъварасухъе
0
|
хъваралъухъе
0
|
хъваралъухъе
0
|
хъваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъварасухъа
0
|
хъваралъухъа
0
|
хъваралъухъа
0
|
хъваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъварасухъан
0
|
хъваралъухъан
0
|
хъваралъухъан
0
|
хъваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъварасулъ
0
|
хъваралъулъ
2
|
хъваралъулъ
2
|
хъваразулъ
1
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъварасулъе
0
|
хъваралъулъе
0
|
хъваралъулъе
0
|
хъваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъварасулъа
0
|
хъваралъулъа
0
|
хъваралъулъа
0
|
хъваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъварасулъан
0
|
хъваралъулъан
0
|
хъваралъулъан
0
|
хъваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъварасукь
0
|
хъваралъукь
0
|
хъваралъукь
0
|
хъваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъварасукье
0
|
хъваралъукье
0
|
хъваралъукье
0
|
хъваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъварасукьа
0
|
хъваралъукьа
0
|
хъваралъукьа
0
|
хъваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъварасукьан
0
|
хъваралъукьан
0
|
хъваралъукьан
0
|
хъваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъван
[q͡χːwan]
🔒
2288
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъван
[q͡χːwan]
🔒
2288
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъвачӀого
[q͡χːwat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
110
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъвалаго
[q͡χːwalago]
🔒
67
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъваларого
[q͡χːwalarogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъвай
[q͡χːwaj]
🔒
1941
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъвазе
[q͡χːwaze]
🔒
1093
|
|||
| Causative |
хъвазавизе
/[q͡χːwazawize]/
🔒
0
|
хъвазайизе
/[q͡χːwazajize]/
🔒
0
|
хъвазабизе
/[q͡χːwazabize]/
🔒
2
|
хъвазаризе
/[q͡χːwazarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
хъвазавуларо
/[q͡χːwazawularo]/
0
|
хъвазайуларо
/[q͡χːwazajularo]/
0
|
хъвазабуларо
/[q͡χːwazabularo]/
0
|
хъвазаруларо
/[q͡χːwazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъвааризе
[q͡χːwajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъваариларо
[q͡χːwajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъва-хъвазе
[q͡χːwa-q͡χːwaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъва-хъваларо
[q͡χːwa-q͡χːwalaro]
0
|
|||