Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
жевать
пожевать
разжевать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'amize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
181031
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
16
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чӀамана
[t͡ʃˀamana]
0
|
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| Past Simple Negative |
чӀамичӀо
[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀамила
[t͡ʃˀamila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀамиларо
[t͡ʃˀamilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀамула
[t͡ʃˀamula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀамуларо
[t͡ʃˀamularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀамулаан
[t͡ʃʼamulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀамулароан
[t͡ʃʼamularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀаме
[t͡ʃˀame]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀамуге
[t͡ʃˀamuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀамеги
[t͡ʃʼamegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀамугеги
[t͡ʃˀamugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀамизин
[t͡ʃˀamizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀамани
[t͡ʃˀamani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀамичӀони
[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀаманищ
[t͡ʃˀamaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀамичӀищ
[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀамулищ
[t͡ʃˀamuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀамуларищ
[t͡ʃˀamulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀамилищ
[t͡ʃˀamiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀамиларищ
[t͡ʃˀamilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀамарав
/[t͡ʃˀamaraw]/
0
|
чӀамарай
/[t͡ʃˀamaraj]/
0
|
чӀамараб
/[t͡ʃˀamarab]/
0
|
чӀамарал
/[t͡ʃˀamaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀамичӀев
/[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чӀамичӀей
/[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чӀамичӀеб
/[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чӀамичӀел
/[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀамулев
/[t͡ʃˀamulew]/
🔒
0
|
чӀамулей
/[t͡ʃˀamulej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀамулеб
/[t͡ʃˀamuleb]/
🔒
9
|
чӀамулел
/[t͡ʃˀamulel]/
🔒
6
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀамуларев
/[t͡ʃˀamularew]/
0
|
чӀамуларей
/[t͡ʃˀamularej]/
0
|
чӀамулареб
/[t͡ʃˀamulareb]/
0
|
чӀамуларел
/[t͡ʃˀamularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀамилев
/[t͡ʃˀamilew]/
0
|
чӀамилей
/[t͡ʃˀamilej]/
0
|
чӀамилеб
/[t͡ʃˀamileb]/
0
|
чӀамилел
/[t͡ʃˀamilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀамиларев
/[t͡ʃˀamilarew]/
0
|
чӀамиларей
/[t͡ʃˀamilarej]/
0
|
чӀамилареб
/[t͡ʃˀamilareb]/
0
|
чӀамиларел
/[t͡ʃˀamilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀамизехъин
[t͡ʃˀamizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀамизехъинро
[t͡ʃˀamizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀамеяв
/[t͡ʃˀamejaw]/
0
|
чӀамеяй
/[t͡ʃˀamejaj]/
0
|
чӀамеяб
/[t͡ʃˀamejab]/
0
|
чӀамеял
/[t͡ʃʼamejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀамарав
0
|
чӀамарай
0
|
чӀамараб
0
|
чӀамарал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀамарас
0
|
чӀамаралъ
0
|
чӀамаралъ
0
|
чӀамараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀамарасул
0
|
чӀамаралъул
0
|
чӀамаралъул
0
|
чӀамаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀамарасе
0
|
чӀамаралъе
0
|
чӀамаралъе
0
|
чӀамаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀамарасда
0
|
чӀамаралъда
0
|
чӀамаралъда
0
|
чӀамаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀамарасде
0
|
чӀамаралъде
0
|
чӀамаралъде
0
|
чӀамаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀамарасдаса
0
|
чӀамаралъдаса
0
|
чӀамаралъдаса
0
|
чӀамараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀамарасдасан
0
|
чӀамаралъдасан
0
|
чӀамаралъдасан
0
|
чӀамараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀамарасухъ
0
|
чӀамаралъухъ
0
|
чӀамаралъухъ
0
|
чӀамаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀамарасухъе
0
|
чӀамаралъухъе
0
|
чӀамаралъухъе
0
|
чӀамаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀамарасухъа
0
|
чӀамаралъухъа
0
|
чӀамаралъухъа
0
|
чӀамаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀамарасухъан
0
|
чӀамаралъухъан
0
|
чӀамаралъухъан
0
|
чӀамаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀамарасулъ
0
|
чӀамаралъулъ
0
|
чӀамаралъулъ
0
|
чӀамаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀамарасулъе
0
|
чӀамаралъулъе
0
|
чӀамаралъулъе
0
|
чӀамаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀамарасулъа
0
|
чӀамаралъулъа
0
|
чӀамаралъулъа
0
|
чӀамаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀамарасулъан
0
|
чӀамаралъулъан
0
|
чӀамаралъулъан
0
|
чӀамаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀамарасукь
0
|
чӀамаралъукь
0
|
чӀамаралъукь
0
|
чӀамаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀамарасукье
0
|
чӀамаралъукье
0
|
чӀамаралъукье
0
|
чӀамаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀамарасукьа
0
|
чӀамаралъукьа
0
|
чӀамаралъукьа
0
|
чӀамаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀамарасукьан
0
|
чӀамаралъукьан
0
|
чӀамаралъукьан
0
|
чӀамаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀамун
[t͡ʃʼamun]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀамун
[t͡ʃˀamun]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀамичӀого
[t͡ʃˀamit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀамулаго
[t͡ʃˀamulago]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀамуларого
[t͡ʃˀamularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀами
[t͡ʃˀami]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀамизе
[t͡ʃˀamize]
🔒
16
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀамизавизе
/[t͡ʃʼamizawize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀамизайизе
/[t͡ʃʼamizajize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀамизабизе
/[t͡ʃˀamizabize]/
🔒
1
|
чӀамизаризе
/[t͡ʃʼamizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀамизавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼamizawularo]/
0
|
чӀамизайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼamizajularo]/
0
|
чӀамизабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀamizabularo]/
0
|
чӀамизаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼamizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀамиаризе
[t͡ʃˀamijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀамиариларо
[t͡ʃˀamijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀам-чӀамизе
[t͡ʃˀam-t͡ʃˀamize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀам-чӀамиларо
[t͡ʃˀam-t͡ʃˀamilaro]
0
|
|||