Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
учащ. жевать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'andeze
Derivation Method
Suffix
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-д-
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2601
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-02-15 06:32
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
чӀандена
[t͡ʃˀandena]
0
|
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| Past Simple Negative |
чӀандечӀо
[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀандела
[t͡ʃˀandela]
0
|
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| Future Simple Negative |
чӀанделаро
[t͡ʃˀandelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀандола
[t͡ʃˀandola]
0
|
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| Constative Negative |
чӀандоларо
[t͡ʃˀandolaro]
0
|
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|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Remote Past |
чӀандолаан
[t͡ʃʼandolajan]
0
|
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| Remote Past Negative |
чӀандолароан
[t͡ʃʼandolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀанде
[t͡ʃˀande]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀандоге
[t͡ʃˀandoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀандеги
[t͡ʃʼandegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀандогеги
[t͡ʃˀandogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀандезин
[t͡ʃˀandezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
чӀандени
[t͡ʃˀandeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀандечӀони
[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀанденищ
[t͡ʃˀandeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀандечӀищ
[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀандолищ
[t͡ʃˀandoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀандоларищ
[t͡ʃˀandolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀанделищ
[t͡ʃˀandeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀанделарищ
[t͡ʃˀandelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀандерав
/[t͡ʃˀanderaw]/
0
|
чӀандерай
/[t͡ʃˀanderaj]/
0
|
чӀандераб
/[t͡ʃˀanderab]/
0
|
чӀандерал
/[t͡ʃˀanderal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀандечӀев
/[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чӀандечӀей
/[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чӀандечӀеб
/[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чӀандечӀел
/[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀандолев
/[t͡ʃˀandolew]/
0
|
чӀандолей
/[t͡ʃˀandolej]/
0
|
чӀандолеб
/[t͡ʃˀandoleb]/
0
|
чӀандолел
/[t͡ʃˀandolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀандоларев
/[t͡ʃˀandolarew]/
0
|
чӀандоларей
/[t͡ʃˀandolarej]/
0
|
чӀандолареб
/[t͡ʃˀandolareb]/
0
|
чӀандоларел
/[t͡ʃˀandolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀанделев
/[t͡ʃˀandelew]/
0
|
чӀанделей
/[t͡ʃˀandelej]/
0
|
чӀанделеб
/[t͡ʃˀandeleb]/
🔒
2
|
чӀанделел
/[t͡ʃˀandelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀанделарев
/[t͡ʃˀandelarew]/
0
|
чӀанделарей
/[t͡ʃˀandelarej]/
0
|
чӀанделареб
/[t͡ʃˀandelareb]/
0
|
чӀанделарел
/[t͡ʃˀandelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀандезехъин
[t͡ʃˀandezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀандезехъинро
[t͡ʃˀandezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀандеяв
/[t͡ʃˀandejaw]/
0
|
чӀандеяй
/[t͡ʃˀandejaj]/
0
|
чӀандеяб
/[t͡ʃˀandejab]/
0
|
чӀандеял
/[t͡ʃʼandejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀандерав
0
|
чӀандерай
0
|
чӀандераб
0
|
чӀандерал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀандерас
0
|
чӀандералъ
0
|
чӀандералъ
0
|
чӀандераз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀандерасул
0
|
чӀандералъул
0
|
чӀандералъул
0
|
чӀандеразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀандерасе
0
|
чӀандералъе
0
|
чӀандералъе
0
|
чӀандеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀандерасда
0
|
чӀандералъда
0
|
чӀандералъда
0
|
чӀандеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀандерасде
0
|
чӀандералъде
0
|
чӀандералъде
0
|
чӀандеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀандерасдаса
0
|
чӀандералъдаса
0
|
чӀандералъдаса
0
|
чӀандераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀандерасдасан
0
|
чӀандералъдасан
0
|
чӀандералъдасан
0
|
чӀандераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀандерасухъ
0
|
чӀандералъухъ
0
|
чӀандералъухъ
0
|
чӀандеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀандерасухъе
0
|
чӀандералъухъе
0
|
чӀандералъухъе
0
|
чӀандеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀандерасухъа
0
|
чӀандералъухъа
0
|
чӀандералъухъа
0
|
чӀандеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀандерасухъан
0
|
чӀандералъухъан
0
|
чӀандералъухъан
0
|
чӀандеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀандерасулъ
0
|
чӀандералъулъ
0
|
чӀандералъулъ
0
|
чӀандеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀандерасулъе
0
|
чӀандералъулъе
0
|
чӀандералъулъе
0
|
чӀандеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀандерасулъа
0
|
чӀандералъулъа
0
|
чӀандералъулъа
0
|
чӀандеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀандерасулъан
0
|
чӀандералъулъан
0
|
чӀандералъулъан
0
|
чӀандеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀандерасукь
0
|
чӀандералъукь
0
|
чӀандералъукь
0
|
чӀандеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀандерасукье
0
|
чӀандералъукье
0
|
чӀандералъукье
0
|
чӀандеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀандерасукьа
0
|
чӀандералъукьа
0
|
чӀандералъукьа
0
|
чӀандеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀандерасукьан
0
|
чӀандералъукьан
0
|
чӀандералъукьан
0
|
чӀандеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀандон
[t͡ʃʼandon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀандон
[t͡ʃˀandon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀандечӀого
[t͡ʃˀandet͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀандолаго
[t͡ʃˀandolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀандоларого
[t͡ʃˀandolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀандей
[t͡ʃˀandej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀандезе
[t͡ʃˀandeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀандезавизе
/[t͡ʃʼandezawize]/
0
|
чӀандезайизе
/[t͡ʃʼandezajize]/
0
|
чӀандезабизе
/[t͡ʃˀandezabize]/
0
|
чӀандезаризе
/[t͡ʃʼandezarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀандезавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼandezawularo]/
0
|
чӀандезайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼandezajularo]/
0
|
чӀандезабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀandezabularo]/
0
|
чӀандезаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼandezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀандеаризе
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
—
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀанд-чӀандезе
[t͡ʃˀand-t͡ʃˀandeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀанд-чӀанделаро
[t͡ʃˀand-t͡ʃˀandelaro]
0
|
|||