Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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отбить
отвергнуть
отвратить
отказать
отказаться
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отмести
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отрицать
парировать
непреодолимый
отвести
браковать
опровергнуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CCV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: naqch'vaze
Derivation Method
Preverb
Derived From
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
181557
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
69
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalew wugo]/ |
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalej jigo]/ |
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaleb bugo]/ |
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
нахъчӀвана
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwana]
🔒
36
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
нахъчӀвачӀо
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀo]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Future Simple |
нахъчӀвала
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwala]
🔒
17
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
нахъчӀваларо
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalaro]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Constative |
нахъчӀвала
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwala]
🔒
17
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
нахъчӀваларо
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalaro]
🔒
10
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
нахъчӀвалаан
[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwalajan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
нахъчӀвалароан
[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwalarojan]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
нахъчӀва
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
нахъчӀваге
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwage]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
нахъчӀваги
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
нахъчӀвагеги
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
нахъчӀвазин
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwazin]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
нахъчӀвани
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
нахъчӀвачӀони
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
нахъчӀванищ
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
нахъчӀвачӀищ
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
нахъчӀвалищ
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
нахъчӀваларищ
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
нахъчӀвалищ
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
нахъчӀваларищ
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
нахъчӀварав
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaraw]/
🔒
1
|
нахъчӀварай
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaraj]/
🔒
0
|
нахъчӀвараб
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwarab]/
🔒
7
|
нахъчӀварал
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaral]/
🔒
7
|
| Past Participle Negative |
нахъчӀвачӀев
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
нахъчӀвачӀей
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
нахъчӀвачӀеб
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
нахъчӀвачӀел
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
нахъчӀвалев
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalew]/
🔒
3
|
нахъчӀвалей
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalej]/
🔒
0
|
нахъчӀвалеб
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaleb]/
🔒
11
|
нахъчӀвалел
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalel]/
🔒
8
|
| Present Participle Negative |
нахъчӀваларев
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalarew]/
0
|
нахъчӀваларей
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalarej]/
0
|
нахъчӀвалареб
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalareb]/
🔒
1
|
нахъчӀваларел
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
нахъчӀвалев
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalew]/
🔒
3
|
нахъчӀвалей
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalej]/
🔒
0
|
нахъчӀвалеб
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaleb]/
🔒
11
|
нахъчӀвалел
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalel]/
🔒
8
|
| Future Participle Negative |
нахъчӀваларев
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalarew]/
0
|
нахъчӀваларей
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalarej]/
0
|
нахъчӀвалареб
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalareb]/
🔒
1
|
нахъчӀваларел
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Intentional Participle |
нахъчӀвазехъин
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
нахъчӀвазехъинро
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
нахъчӀваяв
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwajaw]/
0
|
нахъчӀваяй
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwajaj]/
0
|
нахъчӀваяб
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwajab]/
0
|
нахъчӀваял
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwajal]/
🔒
1
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
нахъчӀварав
1
|
нахъчӀварай
0
|
нахъчӀвараб
7
|
нахъчӀварал
7
|
| Ergative |
нахъчӀварас
0
|
нахъчӀваралъ
0
|
нахъчӀваралъ
0
|
нахъчӀвараз
0
|
| Genitive |
нахъчӀварасул
0
|
нахъчӀваралъул
0
|
нахъчӀваралъул
0
|
нахъчӀваразул
0
|
| Dative |
нахъчӀварасе
0
|
нахъчӀваралъе
0
|
нахъчӀваралъе
0
|
нахъчӀваразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
нахъчӀварасда
0
|
нахъчӀваралъда
0
|
нахъчӀваралъда
0
|
нахъчӀваразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
нахъчӀварасде
0
|
нахъчӀваралъде
0
|
нахъчӀваралъде
0
|
нахъчӀваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
нахъчӀварасдаса
0
|
нахъчӀваралъдаса
0
|
нахъчӀваралъдаса
0
|
нахъчӀвараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
нахъчӀварасдасан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъдасан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъдасан
0
|
нахъчӀвараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
нахъчӀварасухъ
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъ
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъ
0
|
нахъчӀваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
нахъчӀварасухъе
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъе
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъе
0
|
нахъчӀваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
нахъчӀварасухъа
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъа
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъа
0
|
нахъчӀваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
нахъчӀварасухъан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъухъан
0
|
нахъчӀваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
нахъчӀварасулъ
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъ
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъ
0
|
нахъчӀваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
нахъчӀварасулъе
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъе
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъе
0
|
нахъчӀваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
нахъчӀварасулъа
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъа
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъа
0
|
нахъчӀваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
нахъчӀварасулъан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъулъан
0
|
нахъчӀваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
нахъчӀварасукь
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукь
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукь
0
|
нахъчӀваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
нахъчӀварасукье
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукье
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукье
0
|
нахъчӀваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
нахъчӀварасукьа
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукьа
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукьа
0
|
нахъчӀваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
нахъчӀварасукьан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукьан
0
|
нахъчӀваралъукьан
0
|
нахъчӀваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
нахъчӀван
[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwan]
🔒
25
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
нахъчӀван
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwan]
🔒
25
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
нахъчӀвачӀого
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
нахъчӀвалаго
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalago]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
нахъчӀваларого
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
нахъчӀвай
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaj]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Infinitive |
нахъчӀвазе
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaze]
🔒
69
|
|||
| Causative |
нахъчӀвазавизе
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwazawize]/
🔒
0
|
нахъчӀвазайизе
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwazajize]/
🔒
0
|
нахъчӀвазабизе
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwazabize]/
🔒
2
|
нахъчӀвазаризе
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwazarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
нахъчӀвазавуларо
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwazawularo]/
0
|
нахъчӀвазайуларо
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwazajularo]/
0
|
нахъчӀвазабуларо
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwazabularo]/
0
|
нахъчӀвазаруларо
/[naq͡χːt͡ʃʼwazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
нахъчӀвааризе
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
нахъчӀваариларо
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
нахъчӀва-нахъчӀвазе
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwa-naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
нахъчӀва-нахъчӀваларо
[naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwa-naq͡χːt͡ʃˀwalaro]
0
|
|||