Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
запнуться
налететь
нанести
пихать
столкнуть
стукнуть
стукнуться
толкнуть
тыкаться
уколоть
уколоться
хватить
хлопаться
чебурахнуть
чебурахнуться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tunkize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
183416
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
31
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
тункана
[tunkʰana]
🔒
18
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тункичӀо
[tunkʰit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тункила
[tunkʰila]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тункиларо
[tunkʰilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тункула
[tunkʰula]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тункуларо
[tunkʰularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тункулаан
[tunkʰulajan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тункулароан
[tunkʰularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тунке
[tunkʰe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тункуге
[tunkʰuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тункеги
[tunkʰegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тункугеги
[tunkʰugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тункизин
[tunkʰizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тункани
[tunkʰani]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тункичӀони
[tunkʰit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тунканищ
[tunkʰaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тункичӀищ
[tunkʰit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тункулищ
[tunkʰuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тункуларищ
[tunkʰulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тункилищ
[tunkʰiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тункиларищ
[tunkʰilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тункарав
/[tunkʰaraw]/
🔒
1
|
тункарай
/[tunkʰaraj]/
🔒
0
|
тункараб
/[tunkʰarab]/
🔒
10
|
тункарал
/[tunkʰaral]/
🔒
2
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тункичӀев
/[tunkʰit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
тункичӀей
/[tunkʰit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
тункичӀеб
/[tunkʰit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
тункичӀел
/[tunkʰit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тункулев
/[tunkʰulew]/
🔒
8
|
тункулей
/[tunkʰulej]/
🔒
0
|
тункулеб
/[tunkʰuleb]/
🔒
4
|
тункулел
/[tunkʰulel]/
🔒
10
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тункуларев
/[tunkʰularew]/
0
|
тункуларей
/[tunkʰularej]/
0
|
тункулареб
/[tunkʰulareb]/
0
|
тункуларел
/[tunkʰularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тункилев
/[tunkʰilew]/
0
|
тункилей
/[tunkʰilej]/
0
|
тункилеб
/[tunkʰileb]/
0
|
тункилел
/[tunkʰilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тункиларев
/[tunkʰilarew]/
0
|
тункиларей
/[tunkʰilarej]/
0
|
тункилареб
/[tunkʰilareb]/
0
|
тункиларел
/[tunkʰilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тункизехъин
[tunkʰizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тункизехъинро
[tunkʰizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тункеяв
/[tunkʰejaw]/
0
|
тункеяй
/[tunkʰejaj]/
0
|
тункеяб
/[tunkʰejab]/
0
|
тункеял
/[tunkʰejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тункарав
1
|
тункарай
0
|
тункараб
10
|
тункарал
2
|
| Ergative |
тункарас
0
|
тункаралъ
1
|
тункаралъ
1
|
тункараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тункарасул
0
|
тункаралъул
0
|
тункаралъул
0
|
тункаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тункарасе
0
|
тункаралъе
0
|
тункаралъе
0
|
тункаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тункарасда
0
|
тункаралъда
0
|
тункаралъда
0
|
тункаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тункарасде
1
|
тункаралъде
0
|
тункаралъде
0
|
тункаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тункарасдаса
0
|
тункаралъдаса
0
|
тункаралъдаса
0
|
тункараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тункарасдасан
0
|
тункаралъдасан
0
|
тункаралъдасан
0
|
тункараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тункарасухъ
0
|
тункаралъухъ
0
|
тункаралъухъ
0
|
тункаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тункарасухъе
0
|
тункаралъухъе
0
|
тункаралъухъе
0
|
тункаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тункарасухъа
0
|
тункаралъухъа
0
|
тункаралъухъа
0
|
тункаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тункарасухъан
0
|
тункаралъухъан
0
|
тункаралъухъан
0
|
тункаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тункарасулъ
0
|
тункаралъулъ
0
|
тункаралъулъ
0
|
тункаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тункарасулъе
0
|
тункаралъулъе
0
|
тункаралъулъе
0
|
тункаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тункарасулъа
0
|
тункаралъулъа
0
|
тункаралъулъа
0
|
тункаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тункарасулъан
0
|
тункаралъулъан
0
|
тункаралъулъан
0
|
тункаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тункарасукь
0
|
тункаралъукь
0
|
тункаралъукь
0
|
тункаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тункарасукье
0
|
тункаралъукье
0
|
тункаралъукье
0
|
тункаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тункарасукьа
0
|
тункаралъукьа
0
|
тункаралъукьа
0
|
тункаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тункарасукьан
0
|
тункаралъукьан
0
|
тункаралъукьан
0
|
тункаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тункун
[tunkʰun]
🔒
78
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тункун
[tunkʰun]
🔒
78
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тункичӀого
[tunkʰit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тункулаго
[tunkʰulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тункуларого
[tunkʰularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тунки
[tunkʰi]
🔒
16
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тункизе
[tunkʰize]
🔒
31
|
|||
| Causative |
тункизавизе
/[tunkʰizawize]/
🔒
0
|
тункизайизе
/[tunkʰizajize]/
🔒
0
|
тункизабизе
/[tunkʰizabize]/
🔒
2
|
тункизаризе
/[tunkʰizarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
тункизавуларо
/[tunkʰizawularo]/
0
|
тункизайуларо
/[tunkʰizajularo]/
0
|
тункизабуларо
/[tunkʰizabularo]/
0
|
тункизаруларо
/[tunkʰizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тункиаризе
[tunkʰijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тункиариларо
[tunkʰijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тунк-тункизе
[tunkʰ-tunkʰize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тунк-тункиларо
[tunkʰ-tunkʰilaro]
0
|
|||