Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
крыть
перекрыть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tʼoqʼine
Derivation Method
Preverb
Derived From
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
189249
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
тӀокъана
[tˀoq͡χˀːana]
0
|
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| Past Simple Negative |
тӀокъинчӀо
[tˀoq͡χˀːint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀокъина
[tˀoq͡χˀːina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀокъинаро
[tˀoq͡χˀːinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀокъуна
[tˀoq͡χˀːuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀокъунаро
[tˀoq͡χˀːunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀокъунаан
[tʼoq͡χʼːunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀокъунароан
[tʼoq͡χʼːunarojan]
0
|
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|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀокъа
[tˀoq͡χˀːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀокъунге
[tˀoq͡χˀːunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀокъаги
[tˀoq͡χˀːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀокъунгеги
[tˀoq͡χˀːungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀокъинин
[tʼoq͡χʼːinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀокъани
[tˀoq͡χˀːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀокъинчӀони
[tˀoq͡χˀːint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀокъанищ
[tˀoq͡χˀːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀокъинчӀищ
[tˀoq͡χˀːint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀокъунищ
[tˀoq͡χˀːuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀокъунарищ
[tˀoq͡χˀːunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀокъинищ
[tˀoq͡χˀːiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀокъинарищ
[tˀoq͡χˀːinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀокъарав
/[tʼoq͡χʼːaraw]/
0
|
тӀокъарай
/[tʼoq͡χʼːaraj]/
0
|
тӀокъараб
/[tˀoq͡χˀːarab]/
🔒
2
|
тӀокъарал
/[tˀoq͡χˀːaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀокъинчӀев
/[tʼoq͡χʼːint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
тӀокъинчӀей
/[tʼoq͡χʼːint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
тӀокъинчӀеб
/[tʼoq͡χʼːint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
тӀокъинчӀел
/[tʼoq͡χʼːint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀокъунев
/[tʼoq͡χʼːunew]/
0
|
тӀокъуней
/[tʼoq͡χʼːunej]/
0
|
тӀокъунеб
/[tʼoq͡χʼːuneb]/
0
|
тӀокъунел
/[tʼoq͡χʼːunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀокъунарев
/[tʼoq͡χʼːunarew]/
0
|
тӀокъунарей
/[tʼoq͡χʼːunarej]/
0
|
тӀокъунареб
/[tʼoq͡χʼːunareb]/
0
|
тӀокъунарел
/[tʼoq͡χʼːunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀокъинев
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinew]/
0
|
тӀокъиней
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinej]/
0
|
тӀокъинеб
/[tʼoq͡χʼːineb]/
0
|
тӀокъинел
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀокъинарев
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinarew]/
0
|
тӀокъинарей
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinarej]/
0
|
тӀокъинареб
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinareb]/
0
|
тӀокъинарел
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀокъинехъин
[tʼoq͡χʼːineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀокъинехъинро
[tʼoq͡χʼːineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀокъаяв
/[tˀoq͡χˀːajaw]/
0
|
тӀокъаяй
/[tˀoq͡χˀːajaj]/
0
|
тӀокъаяб
/[tˀoq͡χˀːajab]/
0
|
тӀокъаял
/[tʼoq͡χʼːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀокъарав
0
|
тӀокъарай
0
|
тӀокъараб
2
|
тӀокъарал
1
|
| Ergative |
тӀокъарас
0
|
тӀокъаралъ
0
|
тӀокъаралъ
0
|
тӀокъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀокъарасул
0
|
тӀокъаралъул
0
|
тӀокъаралъул
0
|
тӀокъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀокъарасе
0
|
тӀокъаралъе
0
|
тӀокъаралъе
0
|
тӀокъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀокъарасда
0
|
тӀокъаралъда
0
|
тӀокъаралъда
0
|
тӀокъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀокъарасде
0
|
тӀокъаралъде
0
|
тӀокъаралъде
0
|
тӀокъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀокъарасдаса
0
|
тӀокъаралъдаса
0
|
тӀокъаралъдаса
0
|
тӀокъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀокъарасдасан
0
|
тӀокъаралъдасан
0
|
тӀокъаралъдасан
0
|
тӀокъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀокъарасухъ
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъ
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъ
0
|
тӀокъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀокъарасухъе
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъе
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъе
0
|
тӀокъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀокъарасухъа
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъа
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъа
0
|
тӀокъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀокъарасухъан
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъан
0
|
тӀокъаралъухъан
0
|
тӀокъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀокъарасулъ
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъ
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъ
0
|
тӀокъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀокъарасулъе
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъе
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъе
0
|
тӀокъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀокъарасулъа
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъа
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъа
0
|
тӀокъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀокъарасулъан
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъан
0
|
тӀокъаралъулъан
0
|
тӀокъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀокъарасукь
0
|
тӀокъаралъукь
0
|
тӀокъаралъукь
0
|
тӀокъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀокъарасукье
0
|
тӀокъаралъукье
0
|
тӀокъаралъукье
0
|
тӀокъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀокъарасукьа
0
|
тӀокъаралъукьа
0
|
тӀокъаралъукьа
0
|
тӀокъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀокъарасукьан
0
|
тӀокъаралъукьан
0
|
тӀокъаралъукьан
0
|
тӀокъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀокъун
[tʼoq͡χʼːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀокъун
[tʼoq͡χʼːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀокъинчӀого
[tˀoq͡χˀːint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀокъунаго
[tʼoq͡χʼːunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀокъунарого
[tˀoq͡χˀːunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀокъин
[tʼoq͡χʼːin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀокъине
[tˀoq͡χˀːine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀокъинавизе
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinawize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀокъинайизе
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinajize]/
0
|
тӀокъинабизе
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinabize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀокъинаризе
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀокъинавуларо
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinawularo]/
0
|
тӀокъинайуларо
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinajularo]/
0
|
тӀокъинабуларо
/[tˀoq͡χˀːinabularo]/
0
|
тӀокъинаруларо
/[tʼoq͡χʼːinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀокъанхъизе
[tʼoq͡χʼːanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀокъанхъиларо
[tˀoq͡χˀːanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀокъ-тӀокъине
[tˀoq͡χˀː-tˀoq͡χˀːine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀокъ-тӀокъинаро
[tˀoq͡χˀː-tˀoq͡χˀːinaro]
0
|
|||