Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
макать
обмакнуть
окунуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: chchuze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
190853
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ччана
[t͡ʃːana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ччучӀо
[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ччула
[t͡ʃːula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ччуларо
[t͡ʃːularo]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ччула
[t͡ʃːula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ччуларо
[t͡ʃːularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ччулаан
[t͡ʃːulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ччулароан
[t͡ʃːularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
—
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ччуге
[t͡ʃːuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ччугеги
[t͡ʃːugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ччузин
[t͡ʃːuzin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
—
0
|
|||
| Conditional |
ччани
[t͡ʃːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ччучӀони
[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ччанищ
[t͡ʃːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччучӀищ
[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ччулищ
[t͡ʃːuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччуларищ
[t͡ʃːulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ччулищ
[t͡ʃːuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччуларищ
[t͡ʃːulariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ччарав
/[t͡ʃːaraw]/
🔒
0
|
ччарай
/[t͡ʃːaraj]/
🔒
0
|
ччараб
/[t͡ʃːarab]/
🔒
1
|
ччарал
/[t͡ʃːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ччучӀев
/[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
ччучӀей
/[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
ччучӀеб
/[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
ччучӀел
/[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ччулев
/[t͡ʃːulew]/
0
|
ччулей
/[t͡ʃːulej]/
0
|
ччулеб
/[t͡ʃːuleb]/
0
|
ччулел
/[t͡ʃːulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ччуларев
/[t͡ʃːularew]/
0
|
ччуларей
/[t͡ʃːularej]/
0
|
ччулареб
/[t͡ʃːulareb]/
0
|
ччуларел
/[t͡ʃːularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ччулев
/[t͡ʃːulew]/
0
|
ччулей
/[t͡ʃːulej]/
0
|
ччулеб
/[t͡ʃːuleb]/
0
|
ччулел
/[t͡ʃːulel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ччуларев
/[t͡ʃːularew]/
0
|
ччуларей
/[t͡ʃːularej]/
0
|
ччулареб
/[t͡ʃːulareb]/
0
|
ччуларел
/[t͡ʃːularel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ччузехъин
[t͡ʃːuzeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ччузехъинро
[t͡ʃːuzeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
—
0
|
|||
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ччарав
0
|
ччарай
0
|
ччараб
1
|
ччарал
0
|
| Ergative |
ччарас
0
|
ччаралъ
0
|
ччаралъ
0
|
ччараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ччарасул
0
|
ччаралъул
0
|
ччаралъул
0
|
ччаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ччарасе
0
|
ччаралъе
0
|
ччаралъе
0
|
ччаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ччарасда
0
|
ччаралъда
0
|
ччаралъда
0
|
ччаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ччарасде
0
|
ччаралъде
0
|
ччаралъде
0
|
ччаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ччарасдаса
0
|
ччаралъдаса
0
|
ччаралъдаса
0
|
ччараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ччарасдасан
0
|
ччаралъдасан
0
|
ччаралъдасан
0
|
ччараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ччарасухъ
0
|
ччаралъухъ
0
|
ччаралъухъ
0
|
ччаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ччарасухъе
0
|
ччаралъухъе
0
|
ччаралъухъе
0
|
ччаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ччарасухъа
0
|
ччаралъухъа
0
|
ччаралъухъа
0
|
ччаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ччарасухъан
0
|
ччаралъухъан
0
|
ччаралъухъан
0
|
ччаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ччарасулъ
0
|
ччаралъулъ
0
|
ччаралъулъ
0
|
ччаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ччарасулъе
0
|
ччаралъулъе
0
|
ччаралъулъе
0
|
ччаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ччарасулъа
0
|
ччаралъулъа
0
|
ччаралъулъа
0
|
ччаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ччарасулъан
0
|
ччаралъулъан
0
|
ччаралъулъан
0
|
ччаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ччарасукь
0
|
ччаралъукь
0
|
ччаралъукь
0
|
ччаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ччарасукье
0
|
ччаралъукье
0
|
ччаралъукье
0
|
ччаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ччарасукьа
0
|
ччаралъукьа
0
|
ччаралъукьа
0
|
ччаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ччарасукьан
0
|
ччаралъукьан
0
|
ччаралъукьан
0
|
ччаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ччун
[t͡ʃːun]
🔒
22
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ччун
[t͡ʃːun]
🔒
22
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ччучӀого
[t͡ʃːut͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ччулаго
[t͡ʃːulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ччуларого
[t͡ʃːularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ччузе
[t͡ʃːuze]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ччузе
[t͡ʃːuze]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
ччузавизе
/[t͡ʃːuzawize]/
0
|
ччузайизе
/[t͡ʃːuzajize]/
0
|
ччузабизе
/[t͡ʃːuzabize]/
0
|
ччузаризе
/[t͡ʃːuzarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ччузавуларо
/[t͡ʃːuzawularo]/
0
|
ччузайуларо
/[t͡ʃːuzajularo]/
0
|
ччузабуларо
/[t͡ʃːuzabularo]/
0
|
ччузаруларо
/[t͡ʃːuzarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ччударизе
[t͡ʃːudarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ччудариларо
[t͡ʃːudarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ччу-ччузе
[t͡ʃːu-t͡ʃːuze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ччу-ччуларо
[t͡ʃːu-t͡ʃːularo]
0
|
|||