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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'ekheze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
201093
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
139
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀехена
[t͡sˀeχena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀехечӀо
[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀo]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀехела
[t͡sˀeχela]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀехеларо
[t͡sˀeχelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀехола
[t͡sˀeχola]
🔒
36
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀехоларо
[t͡sˀeχolaro]
🔒
9
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀехолаан
[t͡sʼeχolajan]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀехолароан
[t͡sʼeχolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀехе
[t͡sˀeχe]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀехоге
[t͡sˀeχoge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀехеги
[t͡sʼeχegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀехогеги
[t͡sˀeχogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀехезин
[t͡sˀeχezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀехени
[t͡sˀeχeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀехечӀони
[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀехенищ
[t͡sˀeχeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀехечӀищ
[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀехолищ
[t͡sˀeχoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀехоларищ
[t͡sˀeχolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀехелищ
[t͡sˀeχeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀехеларищ
[t͡sˀeχelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀехерав
/[t͡sˀeχeraw]/
0
|
цӀехерай
/[t͡sˀeχeraj]/
0
|
цӀехераб
/[t͡sˀeχerab]/
0
|
цӀехерал
/[t͡sˀeχeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀехечӀев
/[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀехечӀей
/[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀехечӀеб
/[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
2
|
цӀехечӀел
/[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀехолев
/[t͡sˀeχolew]/
🔒
14
|
цӀехолей
/[t͡sˀeχolej]/
🔒
4
|
цӀехолеб
/[t͡sˀeχoleb]/
🔒
49
|
цӀехолел
/[t͡sˀeχolel]/
🔒
21
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀехоларев
/[t͡sˀeχolarew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀехоларей
/[t͡sˀeχolarej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀехолареб
/[t͡sˀeχolareb]/
🔒
2
|
цӀехоларел
/[t͡sˀeχolarel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle |
цӀехелев
/[t͡sˀeχelew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀехелей
/[t͡sˀeχelej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀехелеб
/[t͡sˀeχeleb]/
🔒
2
|
цӀехелел
/[t͡sˀeχelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀехеларев
/[t͡sˀeχelarew]/
0
|
цӀехеларей
/[t͡sˀeχelarej]/
0
|
цӀехелареб
/[t͡sˀeχelareb]/
0
|
цӀехеларел
/[t͡sˀeχelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀехезехъин
[t͡sˀeχezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀехезехъинро
[t͡sˀeχezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀехеяв
/[t͡sˀeχejaw]/
0
|
цӀехеяй
/[t͡sˀeχejaj]/
0
|
цӀехеяб
/[t͡sˀeχejab]/
0
|
цӀехеял
/[t͡sʼeχejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀехерав
0
|
цӀехерай
0
|
цӀехераб
0
|
цӀехерал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀехерас
0
|
цӀехералъ
0
|
цӀехералъ
0
|
цӀехераз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀехерасул
0
|
цӀехералъул
0
|
цӀехералъул
0
|
цӀехеразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀехерасе
0
|
цӀехералъе
0
|
цӀехералъе
0
|
цӀехеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀехерасда
0
|
цӀехералъда
0
|
цӀехералъда
0
|
цӀехеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀехерасде
0
|
цӀехералъде
0
|
цӀехералъде
0
|
цӀехеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀехерасдаса
0
|
цӀехералъдаса
0
|
цӀехералъдаса
0
|
цӀехераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀехерасдасан
0
|
цӀехералъдасан
0
|
цӀехералъдасан
0
|
цӀехераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀехерасухъ
0
|
цӀехералъухъ
0
|
цӀехералъухъ
0
|
цӀехеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀехерасухъе
0
|
цӀехералъухъе
0
|
цӀехералъухъе
0
|
цӀехеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀехерасухъа
0
|
цӀехералъухъа
0
|
цӀехералъухъа
0
|
цӀехеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀехерасухъан
0
|
цӀехералъухъан
0
|
цӀехералъухъан
0
|
цӀехеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀехерасулъ
0
|
цӀехералъулъ
0
|
цӀехералъулъ
0
|
цӀехеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀехерасулъе
0
|
цӀехералъулъе
0
|
цӀехералъулъе
0
|
цӀехеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀехерасулъа
0
|
цӀехералъулъа
0
|
цӀехералъулъа
0
|
цӀехеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀехерасулъан
0
|
цӀехералъулъан
0
|
цӀехералъулъан
0
|
цӀехеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀехерасукь
0
|
цӀехералъукь
0
|
цӀехералъукь
0
|
цӀехеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀехерасукье
0
|
цӀехералъукье
0
|
цӀехералъукье
0
|
цӀехеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀехерасукьа
0
|
цӀехералъукьа
0
|
цӀехералъукьа
0
|
цӀехеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀехерасукьан
0
|
цӀехералъукьан
0
|
цӀехералъукьан
0
|
цӀехеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀехон
[t͡sʼeχon]
🔒
209
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀехон
[t͡sˀeχon]
🔒
209
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀехечӀого
[t͡sˀeχet͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
42
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀехолаго
[t͡sˀeχolago]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀехоларого
[t͡sˀeχolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀехей
[t͡sˀeχej]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀехезе
[t͡sˀeχeze]
🔒
139
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀехезавизе
/[t͡sʼeχezawize]/
0
|
цӀехезайизе
/[t͡sʼeχezajize]/
0
|
цӀехезабизе
/[t͡sˀeχezabize]/
0
|
цӀехезаризе
/[t͡sʼeχezarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀехезавуларо
/[t͡sʼeχezawularo]/
0
|
цӀехезайуларо
/[t͡sʼeχezajularo]/
0
|
цӀехезабуларо
/[t͡sˀeχezabularo]/
0
|
цӀехезаруларо
/[t͡sʼeχezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀехеаризе
[t͡sˀeχejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀехеариларо
[t͡sˀeχejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀех-цӀехезе
[t͡sˀeχ-t͡sˀeχeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀех-цӀехеларо
[t͡sˀeχ-t͡sˀeχelaro]
0
|
|||