Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
отгрузить; отправлять, (по)слать; выпрямляться; исправляться; повезти
выровняться
выслать
наслать
отогнуться
отослать
перевести
продвинуть
расправиться
распрямиться
слать
сровняться
прогладиться
разогнуться
отправить
бросить
выбросить
выпрямиться
заслать
отгладиться
прислать
English
to send, to dispatch; to straighten; to correct; to be lucky
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bitʼize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
201815
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
180
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
витӀана
/[witˀana]/
🔒
295
|
йитӀана
/[jitˀana]/
🔒
47
|
битӀана
/[bitˀana]/
🔒
160
|
ритӀана
/[ritˀana]/
🔒
155
|
| Past Simple Negative |
витӀичӀо
/[witˀit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
2
|
йитӀичӀо
/[jitˀit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
2
|
битӀичӀо
/[bitˀit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
6
|
ритӀичӀо
/[ritˀit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Simple |
витӀила
/[witˀila]/
🔒
11
|
йитӀила
/[jitʼila]/
0
|
битӀила
/[bitˀila]/
🔒
18
|
ритӀила
/[ritˀila]/
🔒
11
|
| Future Simple Negative |
витӀиларо
/[witʼilaro]/
0
|
йитӀиларо
/[jitʼilaro]/
0
|
битӀиларо
/[bitʼilaro]/
0
|
ритӀиларо
/[ritʼilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
витӀула
/[witˀula]/
🔒
166
|
йитӀула
/[jitˀula]/
🔒
10
|
битӀула
/[bitˀula]/
🔒
66
|
ритӀула
/[ritˀula]/
🔒
86
|
| Constative Negative |
витӀуларо
/[witˀularo]/
🔒
7
|
йитӀуларо
/[jitʼularo]/
0
|
битӀуларо
/[bitˀularo]/
🔒
4
|
ритӀуларо
/[ritˀularo]/
🔒
7
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
витӀулаан
/[witʼulajan]/
🔒
18
|
йитӀулаан
/[jitʼulajan]/
🔒
5
|
битӀулаан
/[bitʼulajan]/
🔒
17
|
ритӀулаан
/[ritʼulajan]/
🔒
43
|
| Remote Past Negative |
витӀулароан
/[witʼularojan]/
🔒
2
|
йитӀулароан
/[jitʼularojan]/
0
|
битӀулароан
/[bitʼularojan]/
🔒
1
|
ритӀулароан
/[ritʼularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
витӀе
/[witˀe]/
🔒
10
|
йитӀе
/[jitˀe]/
🔒
1
|
битӀе
/[bitˀe]/
🔒
39
|
ритӀе
/[ritˀe]/
🔒
36
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
витӀуге
/[witˀuge]/
🔒
1
|
йитӀуге
/[jitʼuge]/
0
|
битӀуге
/[bitˀuge]/
🔒
4
|
ритӀуге
/[ritˀuge]/
🔒
4
|
| Optative |
витӀеги
/[witʼegi]/
0
|
йитӀеги
/[jitʼegi]/
0
|
битӀеги
/[bitʼegi]/
🔒
0
|
ритӀеги
/[ritʼegi]/
🔒
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
витӀугеги
/[witʼugegi]/
0
|
йитӀугеги
/[jitʼugegi]/
0
|
битӀугеги
/[bitʼugegi]/
0
|
ритӀугеги
/[ritʼugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
витӀизин
/[witʼizin]/
0
|
йитӀизин
/[jitʼizin]/
0
|
битӀизин
/[bitˀizin]/
🔒
1
|
ритӀизин
/[ritʼizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
витӀани
/[witˀani]/
🔒
6
|
йитӀани
/[jitʼani]/
0
|
битӀани
/[bitˀani]/
🔒
11
|
ритӀани
/[ritˀani]/
🔒
19
|
| Conditional Negative |
витӀичӀони
/[witʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йитӀичӀони
/[jitʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
битӀичӀони
/[bitˀit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
2
|
ритӀичӀони
/[ritˀit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
2
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
витӀанищ
/[witʼaniʃː]/
0
|
йитӀанищ
/[jitʼaniʃː]/
0
|
битӀанищ
/[bitˀaniʃː]/
🔒
1
|
ритӀанищ
/[ritʼaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
витӀичӀищ
/[witʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
🔒
1
|
йитӀичӀищ
/[jitʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
битӀичӀищ
/[bitʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
ритӀичӀищ
/[ritʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
витӀулищ
/[witˀuliʃː]/
🔒
1
|
йитӀулищ
/[jitʼuliʃː]/
0
|
битӀулищ
/[bitʼuliʃː]/
0
|
ритӀулищ
/[ritʼuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
витӀуларищ
/[witʼulariʃː]/
0
|
йитӀуларищ
/[jitʼulariʃː]/
0
|
битӀуларищ
/[bitʼulariʃː]/
0
|
ритӀуларищ
/[ritˀulariʃː]/
🔒
1
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
витӀилищ
/[witʼiliʃː]/
0
|
йитӀилищ
/[jitˀiliʃː]/
🔒
1
|
битӀилищ
/[bitʼiliʃː]/
0
|
ритӀилищ
/[ritʼiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
витӀиларищ
/[witˀilariʃː]/
🔒
2
|
йитӀиларищ
/[jitʼilariʃː]/
0
|
битӀиларищ
/[bitʼilariʃː]/
0
|
ритӀиларищ
/[ritˀilariʃː]/
🔒
1
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
витӀарав
/[witˀaraw]/
🔒
121
|
йитӀарай
/[jitˀaraj]/
🔒
13
|
битӀараб
/[bitˀarab]/
🔒
1298
|
ритӀарал
/[ritˀaral]/
🔒
153
|
| Past Participle Negative |
витӀичӀев
/[witʼit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йитӀичӀей
/[jitʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
битӀичӀеб
/[bitˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
2
|
ритӀичӀел
/[ritˀit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle |
витӀулев
/[witˀulew]/
🔒
41
|
йитӀулей
/[jitˀulej]/
🔒
4
|
битӀулеб
/[bitˀuleb]/
🔒
65
|
ритӀулел
/[ritˀulel]/
🔒
132
|
| Present Participle Negative |
витӀуларев
/[witʼularew]/
0
|
йитӀуларей
/[jitʼularej]/
0
|
битӀулареб
/[bitʼulareb]/
0
|
ритӀуларел
/[ritˀularel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle |
витӀилев
/[witˀilew]/
🔒
3
|
йитӀилей
/[jitʼilej]/
0
|
битӀилеб
/[bitˀileb]/
🔒
2
|
ритӀилел
/[ritˀilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
витӀиларев
/[witˀilarew]/
🔒
1
|
йитӀиларей
/[jitʼilarej]/
0
|
битӀилареб
/[bitʼilareb]/
0
|
ритӀиларел
/[ritʼilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
витӀизехъин
/[witʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йитӀизехъин
/[jitʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
битӀизехъин
/[bitʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
ритӀизехъин
/[ritˀizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
4
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
витӀизехъинро
/[witʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йитӀизехъинро
/[jitʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
битӀизехъинро
/[bitʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
ритӀизехъинро
/[ritʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
витӀеяв
/[witʼejaw]/
0
|
йитӀеяй
/[jitʼejaj]/
0
|
битӀеяб
/[bitʼejab]/
0
|
ритӀеял
/[ritʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
витӀарав
121
|
йитӀарай
13
|
битӀараб
1298
|
ритӀарал
153
|
| Ergative |
витӀарас
1
|
йитӀаралъ
0
|
битӀаралъ
0
|
ритӀараз
1
|
| Genitive |
витӀарасул
0
|
йитӀаралъул
0
|
битӀаралъул
0
|
ритӀаразул
7
|
| Dative |
витӀарасе
0
|
йитӀаралъе
0
|
битӀаралъе
2
|
ритӀаразе
2
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
витӀарасда
0
|
йитӀаралъда
0
|
битӀаралъда
0
|
ритӀаразда
6
|
| Allative (-де) |
витӀарасде
0
|
йитӀаралъде
0
|
битӀаралъде
0
|
ритӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
витӀарасдаса
0
|
йитӀаралъдаса
0
|
битӀаралъдаса
0
|
ритӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
витӀарасдасан
0
|
йитӀаралъдасан
0
|
битӀаралъдасан
0
|
ритӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
витӀарасухъ
0
|
йитӀаралъухъ
0
|
битӀаралъухъ
2
|
ритӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
витӀарасухъе
0
|
йитӀаралъухъе
0
|
битӀаралъухъе
0
|
ритӀаразухъе
1
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
витӀарасухъа
0
|
йитӀаралъухъа
0
|
битӀаралъухъа
0
|
ритӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
витӀарасухъан
0
|
йитӀаралъухъан
0
|
битӀаралъухъан
0
|
ритӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
витӀарасулъ
0
|
йитӀаралъулъ
0
|
битӀаралъулъ
0
|
ритӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
витӀарасулъе
0
|
йитӀаралъулъе
0
|
битӀаралъулъе
0
|
ритӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
витӀарасулъа
0
|
йитӀаралъулъа
0
|
битӀаралъулъа
0
|
ритӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
витӀарасулъан
0
|
йитӀаралъулъан
0
|
битӀаралъулъан
0
|
ритӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
витӀарасукь
0
|
йитӀаралъукь
0
|
битӀаралъукь
0
|
ритӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
витӀарасукье
0
|
йитӀаралъукье
0
|
битӀаралъукье
0
|
ритӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
витӀарасукьа
0
|
йитӀаралъукьа
0
|
битӀаралъукьа
0
|
ритӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
витӀарасукьан
0
|
йитӀаралъукьан
0
|
битӀаралъукьан
0
|
ритӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
витӀун
/[witʼun]/
🔒
280
|
йитӀун
/[jitʼun]/
🔒
44
|
битӀун
/[bitʼun]/
🔒
1076
|
ритӀун
/[ritʼun]/
🔒
393
|
| Adverbial Past |
витӀун
/[witˀun]/
🔒
280
|
йитӀун
/[jitˀun]/
🔒
44
|
битӀун
/[bitˀun]/
🔒
1076
|
ритӀун
/[ritˀun]/
🔒
393
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
витӀичӀого
/[witˀit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
13
|
йитӀичӀого
/[jitˀit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
2
|
битӀичӀого
/[bitˀit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
5
|
ритӀичӀого
/[ritˀit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
18
|
| Adverbial General |
витӀулаго
/[witˀulago]/
🔒
2
|
йитӀулаго
/[jitʼulago]/
0
|
битӀулаго
/[bitˀulago]/
🔒
6
|
ритӀулаго
/[ritˀulago]/
🔒
2
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
витӀуларого
/[witʼularogo]/
0
|
йитӀуларого
/[jitʼularogo]/
0
|
битӀуларого
/[bitʼularogo]/
0
|
ритӀуларого
/[ritʼularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
витӀи
/[witˀi]/
🔒
6
|
йитӀи
/[jitˀi]/
🔒
2
|
битӀи
/[bitˀi]/
🔒
34
|
ритӀи
/[ritˀi]/
🔒
25
|
| Infinitive |
витӀизе
/[witˀize]/
🔒
84
|
йитӀизе
/[jitˀize]/
🔒
17
|
битӀизе
/[bitˀize]/
🔒
180
|
ритӀизе
/[ritˀize]/
🔒
256
|
| Causative |
витӀизавизе
/[witʼizawize]/
🔒
1
|
йитӀизайизе
/[jitʼizajize]/
0
|
битӀизабизе
/[bitˀizabize]/
🔒
37
|
ритӀизаризе
/[ritʼizarize]/
🔒
32
|
| Causative Negative |
витӀизавуларо
/[witʼizawularo]/
0
|
йитӀизайуларо
/[jitʼizajularo]/
0
|
битӀизабуларо
/[bitʼizabularo]/
0
|
ритӀизаруларо
/[ritʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
витӀиаризе
/[witʼijarize]/
0
|
йитӀиаризе
/[jitʼijarize]/
0
|
битӀиаризе
/[bitʼijarize]/
0
|
ритӀиаризе
/[ritʼijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
витӀиариларо
/[witʼijarilaro]/
0
|
йитӀиариларо
/[jitʼijarilaro]/
0
|
битӀиариларо
/[bitʼijarilaro]/
0
|
ритӀиариларо
/[ritʼijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
витӀ-витӀизе
/[witʼ-witʼize]/
0
|
йитӀ-йитӀизе
/[jitʼ-jitʼize]/
0
|
битӀ-битӀизе
/[bitʼ-bitʼize]/
0
|
ритӀ-ритӀизе
/[ritʼ-ritʼize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
витӀ-витӀиларо
/[witʼ-witʼilaro]/
0
|
йитӀ-йитӀиларо
/[jitʼ-jitʼilaro]/
0
|
битӀ-битӀиларо
/[bitʼ-bitʼilaro]/
0
|
ритӀ-ритӀиларо
/[ritʼ-ritʼilaro]/
0
|