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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: khveze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
202215
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
388
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хвана
[χwana]
🔒
692
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хвечӀо
[χwet͡ʃʼo]
🔒
17
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хвела
[χwela]
🔒
16
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хвеларо
[χwelaro]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Constative |
хола
[χola]
🔒
157
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
холаро
[χolaro]
🔒
62
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
холаан
[χolajan]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
холароан
[χolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хва
[χwa]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хоге
[χoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хваги
[χwagi]
🔒
20
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хогеги
[χogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хвезин
[χwezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хвани
[χwani]
🔒
43
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хвечӀони
[χwet͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хванищ
[χwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хвечӀищ
[χwet͡ʃʼiʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
холищ
[χoliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
холарищ
[χolariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хвелищ
[χweliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хвеларищ
[χwelariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хварав
/[χwaraw]/
🔒
318
|
хварай
/[χwaraj]/
🔒
46
|
хвараб
/[χwarab]/
🔒
356
|
хварал
/[χwaral]/
🔒
347
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хвечӀев
/[χwet͡ʃʼew]/
🔒
9
|
хвечӀей
/[χwet͡ʃʼej]/
🔒
3
|
хвечӀеб
/[χwet͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
5
|
хвечӀел
/[χwet͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
6
|
| Present Participle |
холев
/[χolew]/
🔒
60
|
холей
/[χolej]/
🔒
13
|
холеб
/[χoleb]/
🔒
106
|
холел
/[χolel]/
🔒
91
|
| Present Participle Negative |
холарев
/[χolarew]/
🔒
5
|
холарей
/[χolarej]/
0
|
холареб
/[χolareb]/
🔒
13
|
холарел
/[χolarel]/
🔒
9
|
| Future Participle |
хвелев
/[χwelew]/
0
|
хвелей
/[χwelej]/
0
|
хвелеб
/[χweleb]/
0
|
хвелел
/[χwelel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хвеларев
/[χwelarew]/
🔒
3
|
хвеларей
/[χwelarej]/
🔒
1
|
хвелареб
/[χwelareb]/
🔒
2
|
хвеларел
/[χwelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хвезехъин
[χwezeq͡χːin]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хвезехъинро
[χwezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хваяв
/[χwajaw]/
🔒
4
|
хваяй
/[χwajaj]/
🔒
3
|
хваяб
/[χwajab]/
🔒
2
|
хваял
/[χwajal]/
🔒
6
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хварав
318
|
хварай
46
|
хвараб
356
|
хварал
347
|
| Ergative |
хварас
1
|
хваралъ
0
|
хваралъ
0
|
хвараз
5
|
| Genitive |
хварасул
43
|
хваралъул
10
|
хваралъул
10
|
хваразул
143
|
| Dative |
хварасе
16
|
хваралъе
1
|
хваралъе
1
|
хваразе
29
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хварасда
8
|
хваралъда
0
|
хваралъда
0
|
хваразда
29
|
| Allative (-де) |
хварасде
4
|
хваралъде
0
|
хваралъде
0
|
хваразде
3
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хварасдаса
1
|
хваралъдаса
0
|
хваралъдаса
0
|
хвараздаса
4
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хварасдасан
2
|
хваралъдасан
0
|
хваралъдасан
0
|
хвараздасан
1
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хварасухъ
0
|
хваралъухъ
0
|
хваралъухъ
0
|
хваразухъ
7
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хварасухъе
0
|
хваралъухъе
0
|
хваралъухъе
0
|
хваразухъе
4
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хварасухъа
0
|
хваралъухъа
0
|
хваралъухъа
0
|
хваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хварасухъан
0
|
хваралъухъан
0
|
хваралъухъан
0
|
хваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хварасулъ
0
|
хваралъулъ
0
|
хваралъулъ
0
|
хваразулъ
1
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хварасулъе
0
|
хваралъулъе
0
|
хваралъулъе
0
|
хваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хварасулъа
0
|
хваралъулъа
0
|
хваралъулъа
0
|
хваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хварасулъан
0
|
хваралъулъан
0
|
хваралъулъан
0
|
хваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хварасукь
0
|
хваралъукь
0
|
хваралъукь
0
|
хваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хварасукье
0
|
хваралъукье
0
|
хваралъукье
0
|
хваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хварасукьа
0
|
хваралъукьа
0
|
хваралъукьа
0
|
хваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хварасукьан
0
|
хваралъукьан
0
|
хваралъукьан
0
|
хваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хвон
[χwon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хун
[χun]
🔒
967
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хвечӀого
[χwet͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
54
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
холаго
[χolago]
🔒
33
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
холарого
[χolarogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хвей
[χwej]
🔒
74
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хвезе
[χweze]
🔒
388
|
|||
| Causative |
хвезавизе
/[χwezawize]/
🔒
0
|
хвезайизе
/[χwezajize]/
🔒
1
|
хвезабизе
/[χwezabize]/
🔒
146
|
хвезаризе
/[χwezarize]/
🔒
35
|
| Causative Negative |
хвезавуларо
/[χwezawularo]/
🔒
1
|
хвезайуларо
/[χwezajularo]/
🔒
0
|
хвезабуларо
/[χwezabularo]/
🔒
1
|
хвезаруларо
/[χwezarularo]/
🔒
0
|
| Durative |
хведаризе
[χwedarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хведариларо
[χwedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хве-хвезе
[χwe-χweze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хве-хвеларо
[χwe-χwelaro]
0
|
|||