Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCVC.CCVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: sver-sverdize
Derivational Type
- Other derivation Not specified: from свердизе
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
231536
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[swer-swerdulew wugo]/ |
/[swer-swerdulej jigo]/ |
/[swer-swerduleb bugo]/ |
/[swer-swerdulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[swer-swerdulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[swer-swerdulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[swer-swerduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[swer-swerdulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
свер-свердана
[swer-swerdana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
свер-свердичӀо
[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
свер-свердила
[swer-swerdila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
свер-свердиларо
[swer-swerdilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
свер-свердула
[swer-swerdula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
свер-свердуларо
[swer-swerdularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
свер-свердулаан
[swer-swerdulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
свер-свердулароан
[swer-swerdularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
свер-сверде
[swer-swerde]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
свер-свердуге
[swer-swerduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
свер-свердеги
[swer-swerdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
свер-свердугеги
[swer-swerdugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
свер-свердизин
[swer-swerdizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
свер-свердани
[swer-swerdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
свер-свердичӀони
[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
свер-сверданищ
[swer-swerdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
свер-свердичӀищ
[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
свер-свердулищ
[swer-swerduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
свер-свердуларищ
[swer-swerdulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
свер-свердилищ
[swer-swerdiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
свер-свердиларищ
[swer-swerdilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
свер-свердарав
/[swer-swerdaraw]/
0
|
свер-свердарай
/[swer-swerdaraj]/
0
|
свер-свердараб
/[swer-swerdarab]/
0
|
свер-свердарал
/[swer-swerdaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
свер-свердичӀев
/[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
свер-свердичӀей
/[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
свер-свердичӀеб
/[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
свер-свердичӀел
/[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
свер-свердулев
/[swer-swerdulew]/
0
|
свер-свердулей
/[swer-swerdulej]/
0
|
свер-свердулеб
/[swer-swerduleb]/
0
|
свер-свердулел
/[swer-swerdulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
свер-свердуларев
/[swer-swerdularew]/
0
|
свер-свердуларей
/[swer-swerdularej]/
0
|
свер-свердулареб
/[swer-swerdulareb]/
0
|
свер-свердуларел
/[swer-swerdularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
свер-свердилев
/[swer-swerdilew]/
0
|
свер-свердилей
/[swer-swerdilej]/
0
|
свер-свердилеб
/[swer-swerdileb]/
0
|
свер-свердилел
/[swer-swerdilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
свер-свердиларев
/[swer-swerdilarew]/
0
|
свер-свердиларей
/[swer-swerdilarej]/
0
|
свер-свердилареб
/[swer-swerdilareb]/
0
|
свер-свердиларел
/[swer-swerdilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
свер-свердизехъин
[swer-swerdizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
свер-свердизехъинро
[swer-swerdizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
свер-свердеяв
/[swer-swerdejaw]/
0
|
свер-свердеяй
/[swer-swerdejaj]/
0
|
свер-свердеяб
/[swer-swerdejab]/
0
|
свер-свердеял
/[swer-swerdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
свер-свердарав
0
|
свер-свердарай
0
|
свер-свердараб
0
|
свер-свердарал
0
|
| Ergative |
свер-свердарас
0
|
свер-свердаралъ
0
|
свер-свердаралъ
0
|
свер-свердараз
0
|
| Genitive |
свер-свердарасул
0
|
свер-свердаралъул
0
|
свер-свердаралъул
0
|
свер-свердаразул
0
|
| Dative |
свер-свердарасе
0
|
свер-свердаралъе
0
|
свер-свердаралъе
0
|
свер-свердаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
свер-свердарасда
0
|
свер-свердаралъда
0
|
свер-свердаралъда
0
|
свер-свердаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
свер-свердарасде
0
|
свер-свердаралъде
0
|
свер-свердаралъде
0
|
свер-свердаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
свер-свердарасдаса
0
|
свер-свердаралъдаса
0
|
свер-свердаралъдаса
0
|
свер-свердараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
свер-свердарасдасан
0
|
свер-свердаралъдасан
0
|
свер-свердаралъдасан
0
|
свер-свердараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
свер-свердарасухъ
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъ
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъ
0
|
свер-свердаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
свер-свердарасухъе
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъе
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъе
0
|
свер-свердаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
свер-свердарасухъа
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъа
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъа
0
|
свер-свердаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
свер-свердарасухъан
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъан
0
|
свер-свердаралъухъан
0
|
свер-свердаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
свер-свердарасулъ
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъ
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъ
0
|
свер-свердаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
свер-свердарасулъе
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъе
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъе
0
|
свер-свердаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
свер-свердарасулъа
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъа
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъа
0
|
свер-свердаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
свер-свердарасулъан
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъан
0
|
свер-свердаралъулъан
0
|
свер-свердаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
свер-свердарасукь
0
|
свер-свердаралъукь
0
|
свер-свердаралъукь
0
|
свер-свердаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
свер-свердарасукье
0
|
свер-свердаралъукье
0
|
свер-свердаралъукье
0
|
свер-свердаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
свер-свердарасукьа
0
|
свер-свердаралъукьа
0
|
свер-свердаралъукьа
0
|
свер-свердаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
свер-свердарасукьан
0
|
свер-свердаралъукьан
0
|
свер-свердаралъукьан
0
|
свер-свердаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
свер-свердун
[swer-swerdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
свер-свердун
[swer-swerdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
свер-свердичӀого
[swer-swerdit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
свер-свердулаго
[swer-swerdulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
свер-свердуларого
[swer-swerdularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
свер-сверди
[swer-swerdi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
свер-свердизе
[swer-swerdize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
свер-свердизавизе
/[swer-swerdizawize]/
0
|
свер-свердизайизе
/[swer-swerdizajize]/
0
|
свер-свердизабизе
/[swer-swerdizabize]/
0
|
свер-свердизаризе
/[swer-swerdizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
свер-свердизавуларо
/[swer-swerdizawularo]/
0
|
свер-свердизайуларо
/[swer-swerdizajularo]/
0
|
свер-свердизабуларо
/[swer-swerdizabularo]/
0
|
свер-свердизаруларо
/[swer-swerdizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
свер-свердиаризе
[swer-swerdijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
свер-свердиариларо
[swer-swerdijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
свер-сверд-свер-свердизе
[swer-swerd-swer-swerdize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
свер-сверд-свер-свердиларо
[swer-swerd-swer-swerdilaro]
0
|
|||