Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
дуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: puyze
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2602
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-02-15 06:32
Attestation Count
7
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
пуана
[pujana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
пуйчӀо
[pujt͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
пуйла
[pujla]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
пуйларо
[pujlaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
пуйла
[pujla]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
пуйларо
[pujlaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
пуйлаан
[pujlajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
пуйлароан
[pujlarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
—
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
пуйге
[pujge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
пуйгеги
[pujgegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
пуйзин
[pujzin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
—
0
|
|||
| Conditional |
пуани
[pujani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
пуйчӀони
[pujt͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
пуанищ
[puaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
пуйчӀищ
[pujt͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
пуйлищ
[pujliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
пуйларищ
[pujlariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
пуйлищ
[pujliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
пуйларищ
[pujlariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
пуарав
/[pujaraw]/
0
|
пуарай
/[pujaraj]/
0
|
пуараб
/[pujarab]/
0
|
пуарал
/[pujaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
пуйчӀев
/[pujt͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
пуйчӀей
/[pujt͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
пуйчӀеб
/[pujt͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
пуйчӀел
/[pujt͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
пуйлев
/[pujlew]/
0
|
пуйлей
/[pujlej]/
0
|
пуйлеб
/[pujleb]/
0
|
пуйлел
/[pujlel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
пуйларев
/[pujlarew]/
0
|
пуйларей
/[pujlarej]/
0
|
пуйлареб
/[pujlareb]/
0
|
пуйларел
/[pujlarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
пуйлев
/[pujlew]/
0
|
пуйлей
/[pujlej]/
0
|
пуйлеб
/[pujleb]/
0
|
пуйлел
/[pujlel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
пуйларев
/[pujlarew]/
0
|
пуйларей
/[pujlarej]/
0
|
пуйлареб
/[pujlareb]/
0
|
пуйларел
/[pujlarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
пуйзехъин
[pujzeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
пуйзехъинро
[pujzeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
—
0
|
|||
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
пуарав
0
|
пуарай
0
|
пуараб
0
|
пуарал
0
|
| Ergative |
пуарас
0
|
пуаралъ
0
|
пуаралъ
0
|
пуараз
0
|
| Genitive |
пуарасул
0
|
пуаралъул
0
|
пуаралъул
0
|
пуаразул
0
|
| Dative |
пуарасе
0
|
пуаралъе
0
|
пуаралъе
0
|
пуаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
пуарасда
0
|
пуаралъда
0
|
пуаралъда
0
|
пуаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
пуарасде
0
|
пуаралъде
0
|
пуаралъде
0
|
пуаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
пуарасдаса
0
|
пуаралъдаса
0
|
пуаралъдаса
0
|
пуараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
пуарасдасан
0
|
пуаралъдасан
0
|
пуаралъдасан
0
|
пуараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
пуарасухъ
0
|
пуаралъухъ
0
|
пуаралъухъ
0
|
пуаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
пуарасухъе
0
|
пуаралъухъе
0
|
пуаралъухъе
0
|
пуаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
пуарасухъа
0
|
пуаралъухъа
0
|
пуаралъухъа
0
|
пуаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
пуарасухъан
0
|
пуаралъухъан
0
|
пуаралъухъан
0
|
пуаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
пуарасулъ
0
|
пуаралъулъ
0
|
пуаралъулъ
0
|
пуаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
пуарасулъе
0
|
пуаралъулъе
0
|
пуаралъулъе
0
|
пуаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
пуарасулъа
0
|
пуаралъулъа
0
|
пуаралъулъа
0
|
пуаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
пуарасулъан
0
|
пуаралъулъан
0
|
пуаралъулъан
0
|
пуаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
пуарасукь
0
|
пуаралъукь
0
|
пуаралъукь
0
|
пуаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
пуарасукье
0
|
пуаралъукье
0
|
пуаралъукье
0
|
пуаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
пуарасукьа
0
|
пуаралъукьа
0
|
пуаралъукьа
0
|
пуаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
пуарасукьан
0
|
пуаралъукьан
0
|
пуаралъукьан
0
|
пуаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
пуйун
[pujun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
пуйн
[pujn]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
пуйчӀого
[pujt͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
пуйлаго
[pujlago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
пуйларого
[pujlarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
пуйзе
[pujze]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Infinitive |
пуйзе
[pujze]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Causative |
пуйзавизе
/[pujzawize]/
0
|
пуйзайизе
/[pujzajize]/
0
|
пуйзабизе
/[pujzabize]/
0
|
пуйзаризе
/[pujzarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
пуйзавуларо
/[pujzawularo]/
0
|
пуйзайуларо
/[pujzajularo]/
0
|
пуйзабуларо
/[pujzabularo]/
0
|
пуйзаруларо
/[pujzarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
пуйдаризе
[pujdarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
пуйдариларо
[pujdarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
пуй-пуйзе
[puj-pujze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
пуй-пуйларо
[puj-pujlaro]
0
|
|||