Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
(за)грызть, грызть кость.
English
to gnaw, to chew at (a bone).
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: buqʼa-butʼize
Derivation Method
Compound
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
compound
Compound Type
Yes
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2617
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-02-15 06:37
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulew wugo]/ |
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulej jigo]/ |
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼuleb bugo]/ |
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
букъа-бутӀана
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
букъа-бутӀичӀо
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
букъа-бутӀила
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
букъа-бутӀиларо
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
букъа-бутӀула
[buq͡χˀːa-butˀula]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
букъа-бутӀуларо
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
букъа-бутӀулаан
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
букъа-бутӀулароан
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
букъа-бутӀе
[buq͡χˀːa-butˀe]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
букъа-бутӀуге
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
букъа-бутӀеги
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
букъа-бутӀугеги
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
букъа-бутӀизин
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
букъа-бутӀани
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
букъа-бутӀичӀони
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
букъа-бутӀанищ
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
букъа-бутӀичӀищ
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
букъа-бутӀулищ
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
букъа-бутӀуларищ
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
букъа-бутӀилищ
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
букъа-бутӀиларищ
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
букъа-бутӀарав
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼaraw]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀарай
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼaraj]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀараб
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼarab]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀарал
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
букъа-бутӀичӀев
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀичӀей
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀичӀеб
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀичӀел
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
букъа-бутӀулев
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulew]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀулей
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulej]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀулеб
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼuleb]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀулел
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
букъа-бутӀуларев
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼularew]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀуларей
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼularej]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀулареб
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulareb]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀуларел
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
букъа-бутӀилев
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilew]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀилей
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilej]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀилеб
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼileb]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀилел
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
букъа-бутӀиларев
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilarew]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀиларей
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilarej]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀилареб
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilareb]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀиларел
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
букъа-бутӀизехъин
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
букъа-бутӀизехъинро
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
букъа-бутӀеяв
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼejaw]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀеяй
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼejaj]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀеяб
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼejab]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀеял
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
букъа-бутӀарав
0
|
букъа-бутӀарай
0
|
букъа-бутӀараб
0
|
букъа-бутӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
букъа-бутӀарас
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
букъа-бутӀарасул
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъул
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъул
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
букъа-бутӀарасе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
букъа-бутӀарасда
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъда
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъда
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
букъа-бутӀарасде
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъде
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъде
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
букъа-бутӀарасдаса
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъдаса
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъдаса
0
|
букъа-бутӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
букъа-бутӀарасдасан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъдасан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъдасан
0
|
букъа-бутӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
букъа-бутӀарасухъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
букъа-бутӀарасухъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
букъа-бутӀарасухъа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
букъа-бутӀарасухъан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъухъан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
букъа-бутӀарасулъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъ
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
букъа-бутӀарасулъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъе
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
букъа-бутӀарасулъа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
букъа-бутӀарасулъан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъулъан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
букъа-бутӀарасукь
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукь
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукь
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
букъа-бутӀарасукье
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукье
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукье
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
букъа-бутӀарасукьа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукьа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукьа
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
букъа-бутӀарасукьан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукьан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаралъукьан
0
|
букъа-бутӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
букъа-бутӀун
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
букъа-бутӀун
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
букъа-бутӀичӀого
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
букъа-бутӀулаго
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
букъа-бутӀуларого
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
букъа-бутӀи
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
букъа-бутӀизе
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
букъа-бутӀизавизе
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizawize]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀизайизе
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizajize]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀизабизе
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizabize]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀизаризе
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
букъа-бутӀизавуларо
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizawularo]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀизайуларо
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizajularo]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀизабуларо
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizabularo]/
0
|
букъа-бутӀизаруларо
/[buq͡χʼːa-butʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
букъа-бутӀиаризе
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
букъа-бутӀиариларо
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
букъа-бутӀ-букъа-бутӀизе
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼ-buq͡χʼːa-butʼize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
букъа-бутӀ-букъа-бутӀиларо
[buq͡χʼːa-butʼ-buq͡χʼːa-butʼilaro]
0
|
|||