Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
учащ. понуд. 1) (из)мять, смять что-л.
English
frequentative causative: 1) to (crumple) and smush sth
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Tags
causative
frequentative
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 6
ASCII: bukʼkʼ-bukʼkʼinabize
Source Verb
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Causative
Class-based
Yes
System Information
Database ID
286322
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-05-14 16:39
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawulew wugo]/ |
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajulej jigo]/ |
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuleb bugo]/ |
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуна
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawuna]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуна
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajuna]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуна
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajuna]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуна
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuna]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруна
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinaruna]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавичӀо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайичӀо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайичӀо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабичӀо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаричӀо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавила
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawila]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайила
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajila]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайила
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajila]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабила
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabila]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарила
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавиларо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawilaro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайиларо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajilaro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайиларо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajilaro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабиларо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabilaro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинариларо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавула
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawula]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайула
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajula]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайула
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajula]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабула
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabula]/
🔒
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарула
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуларо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawularo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуларо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajularo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуларо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajularo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуларо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabularo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруларо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавулаан
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawulajan]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайулаан
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajulajan]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайулаан
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajulaan]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабулаан
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabulajan]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарулаан
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавулароан
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawularojan]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайулароан
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajularojan]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайулароан
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajularoan]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабулароан
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabularojan]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарулароан
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинаве
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawe]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайе
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinaje]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайе
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinaje]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабе
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabe]/
🔒
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаре
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуге
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawuge]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуге
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajuge]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуге
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajuge]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуге
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuge]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруге
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавеги
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawegi]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайеги
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajegi]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайеги
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajegi]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабеги
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabegi]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинареги
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавугеги
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawugegi]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайугеги
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajugegi]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайугеги
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajugegi]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабугеги
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabugegi]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаругеги
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавизин
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawizin]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайизин
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajizin]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайизин
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajizin]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабизин
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabizin]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаризин
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуни
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawuni]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуни
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajuni]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуни
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajuni]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуни
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuni]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруни
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавичӀони
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайичӀони
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайичӀони
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабичӀони
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаричӀони
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавунищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawuniʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайунищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajuniʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайунищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajuniʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабунищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuniʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарунищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавичӀищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайичӀищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайичӀищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабичӀищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаричӀищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавулищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawuliʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайулищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajuliʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайулищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajuliʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабулищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuliʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарулищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуларищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawulariʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуларищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajulariʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуларищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajulariʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуларищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabulariʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруларищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавилищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawiliʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайилищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajiliʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайилищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajiliʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабилищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabiliʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарилищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавиларищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawilariʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайиларищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajilariʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайиларищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajilariʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабиларищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabilariʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинариларищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурав
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawuraw]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайурай
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajuraj]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайурай
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajuraj]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабураб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinaburab]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарурал
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавичӀев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайичӀей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайичӀей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабичӀеб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаричӀел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавулев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawulew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайулей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajulej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайулей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajulej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабулеб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabuleb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарулел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуларев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawularew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуларей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajularej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуларей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajularej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабулареб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabulareb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруларел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавилев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawilew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайилей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajilej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайилей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajilej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабилеб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabileb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарилел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавиларев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawilarew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайиларей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajilarej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайиларей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajilarej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабилареб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabilareb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинариларел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавизехъин
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайизехъин
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajizeq͡χːin]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайизехъин
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабизехъин
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаризехъин
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавизехъинро
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайизехъинро
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайизехъинро
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабизехъинро
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаризехъинро
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавеяв
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawejaw]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайеяй
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajejaj]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайеяй
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajejaj]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабеяб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabejab]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинареял
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурав
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайурай
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайурай
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабураб
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурас
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъ
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъ
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъ
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасул
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъул
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъул
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъул
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасе
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъе
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъе
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъе
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасда
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъда
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъда
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъда
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасде
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъде
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъде
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъде
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасдаса
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъдаса
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъдаса
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъдаса
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасдасан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъдасан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъдасан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъдасан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасухъ
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъухъ
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъухъ
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъухъ
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасухъе
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъухъе
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъухъе
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъухъе
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасухъа
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъухъа
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъухъа
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъухъа
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасухъан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъухъан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъухъан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъухъан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасулъ
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъулъ
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъулъ
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъулъ
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасулъе
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъулъе
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъулъе
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъулъе
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасулъа
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъулъа
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъулъа
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъулъа
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасулъан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъулъан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъулъан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъулъан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасукь
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъукь
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъукь
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъукь
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасукье
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъукье
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъукье
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъукье
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасукьа
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъукьа
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъукьа
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъукьа
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавурасукьан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуралъукьан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинайуралъукьан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуралъукьан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавун
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawun]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайун
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajun]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайун
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajun]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабун
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabun]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарун
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавун
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawun]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайун
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajun]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайун
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajun]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабун
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabun]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарун
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавичӀого
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайичӀого
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайичӀого
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабичӀого
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаричӀого
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавулаго
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawulago]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайулаго
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajulago]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайулаго
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajulago]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабулаго
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabulago]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарулаго
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуларого
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawularogo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуларого
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajularogo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуларого
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajularogo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуларого
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabularogo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруларого
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинави
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawi]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайи
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinaji]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайи
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinaji]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинаби
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabi]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинари
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinari]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавизе
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawize]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайизе
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajize]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайизе
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajize]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабизе
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabize]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаризе
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarize]/
0
|
| Causative |
—
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
—
0
|
|||
| Durative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавиаризе
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawijarize]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайиаризе
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajijarize]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайиаризе
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajiarize]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабиаризе
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabijarize]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинариаризе
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавиариларо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawijarilaro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайиариларо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajijarilaro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайиариларо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajiarilaro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабиариларо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabijarilaro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинариариларо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинав-вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавизе
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinaw-wukʼː-wukʼːinawize]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинай-йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайизе
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinaj-jikʼː-jikʼːinajize]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинай-юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайизе
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinaj-jukʼː-jukʼːinajize]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинаб-букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабизе
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinab-bukʼː-bukʼːinabize]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинар-рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаризе
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinar-rukʼː-rukʼːinarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинаб-вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавиларо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinab-wukʼː-wukʼːinawilaro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинаб-йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайиларо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinab-jikʼː-jikʼːinajilaro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинаб-юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайиларо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinab-jukʼː-jukʼːinajilaro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинаб-букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабиларо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinab-bukʼː-bukʼːinabilaro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаб-рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинариларо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinab-rukʼː-rukʼːinarilaro]/
0
|