Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
учащ. 1) (из)мяться; комкаться; покрываться складками 2) (с)морщиться; становиться морщинистым
English
frequentative: 1) to crumple up; to bunch up; to become creased 2) to wrinkle up; to become wrinkled
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Tags
frequentative
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: bukʼkʼ-bukʼkʼine
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Active
Class-based
Yes
System Information
Database ID
286323
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-05-14 16:39
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunew wugo]/ |
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunej jigo]/ |
/[bukʼː-bukʼːuneb bugo]/ |
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bukʼː-bukʼːuneb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀана
/[wukʼː-wukʼːana]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀана
/[jikʼː-jikʼːana]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀана
/[jukʼː-jukʼːana]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀана
/[bukʼː-bukʼːana]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀана
/[rukʼː-rukʼːana]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинчӀо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинчӀо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːint͡ʃʼo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинчӀо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинчӀо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинчӀо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀина
/[wukʼː-wukʼːina]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀина
/[jikʼː-jikʼːina]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀина
/[jukʼː-jukʼːina]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀина
/[bukʼː-bukʼːina]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀина
/[rukʼː-rukʼːina]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинаро
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinaro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинаро
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinaro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинаро
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinaro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинаро
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinaro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаро
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀуна
/[wukʼː-wukʼːuna]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀуна
/[jikʼː-jikʼːuna]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀуна
/[jukʼː-jukʼːuna]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀуна
/[bukʼː-bukʼːuna]/
🔒
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀуна
/[rukʼː-rukʼːuna]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунаро
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunaro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунаро
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunaro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунаро
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunaro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунаро
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunaro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунаро
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunaro]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунаан
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunajan]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунаан
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunajan]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунаан
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunaan]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунаан
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunajan]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунаан
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунароан
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunarojan]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунароан
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunarojan]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунароан
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunaroan]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунароан
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunarojan]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунароан
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunarojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀа
/[wukʼː-wukʼːa]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀа
/[jikʼː-jikʼːa]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀа
/[jukʼː-jukʼːa]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀа
/[bukʼː-bukʼːa]/
🔒
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀа
/[rukʼː-rukʼːa]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунге
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunge]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунге
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunge]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунге
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunge]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунге
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunge]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунге
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunge]/
0
|
| Optative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀаги
/[wukʼː-wukʼːagi]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаги
/[jikʼː-jikʼːagi]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀаги
/[jukʼː-jukʼːagi]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаги
/[bukʼː-bukʼːagi]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаги
/[rukʼː-rukʼːagi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунгеги
/[wukʼː-wukʼːungegi]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунгеги
/[jikʼː-jikʼːungegi]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунгеги
/[jukʼː-jukʼːungegi]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунгеги
/[bukʼː-bukʼːungegi]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунгеги
/[rukʼː-rukʼːungegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинин
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinin]/
🔒
0
|
йукӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинин
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinin]/
🔒
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинин
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinin]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинин
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinin]/
🔒
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинин
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinin]/
🔒
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀани
/[wukʼː-wukʼːani]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀани
/[jikʼː-jikʼːani]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀани
/[jukʼː-jukʼːani]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀани
/[bukʼː-bukʼːani]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀани
/[rukʼː-rukʼːani]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинчӀони
/[wukʼː-wukʼːint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинчӀони
/[jikʼː-jikʼːint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинчӀони
/[jukʼː-jukʼːint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинчӀони
/[bukʼː-bukʼːint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинчӀони
/[rukʼː-rukʼːint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀанищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːaniʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀанищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːaniʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀанищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːaniʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀанищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːaniʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀанищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинчӀищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинчӀищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинчӀищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинчӀищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинчӀищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːuniʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːuniʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːuniʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːuniʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːuniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунарищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunariʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунарищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunariʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунарищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunariʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунарищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunariʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунарищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːiniʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːiniʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːiniʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːiniʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːiniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинарищ
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinariʃː]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинарищ
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinariʃː]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинарищ
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinariʃː]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинарищ
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinariʃː]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарищ
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарав
/[wukʼː-wukʼːaraw]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀарай
/[jikʼː-jikʼːaraj]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀарай
/[jukʼː-jukʼːaraj]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀараб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːarab]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀарал
/[rukʼː-rukʼːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинчӀев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинчӀей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːint͡ʃʼej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинчӀей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинчӀеб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинчӀел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀуней
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀуней
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунеб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːuneb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунарев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunarew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунарей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunarej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунарей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunarej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунареб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunareb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунарел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀиней
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀиней
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинеб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːineb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинарев
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinarew]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинарей
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinarej]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинарей
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinarej]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинареб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinareb]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинарел
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинехъин
/[wukʼː-wukʼːineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
йукӀкӀ-йукӀкӀинехъин
/[jukʼː-jukʼːineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинехъин
/[jukʼː-jukʼːineq͡χːin]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинехъин
/[bukʼː-bukʼːineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинехъин
/[rukʼː-rukʼːineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинехъинро
/[wukʼː-wukʼːineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинехъинро
/[jikʼː-jikʼːineq͡χːinro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинехъинро
/[jukʼː-jukʼːineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинехъинро
/[bukʼː-bukʼːineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинехъинро
/[rukʼː-rukʼːineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀаяв
/[wukʼː-wukʼːajaw]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаяй
/[jikʼː-jikʼːajaj]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀаяй
/[jukʼː-jukʼːajaj]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаяб
/[bukʼː-bukʼːajab]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаял
/[rukʼː-rukʼːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарав
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀарай
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀарай
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀараб
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарас
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъ
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъ
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъ
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасул
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъул
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъул
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъул
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасе
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъе
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъе
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъе
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасда
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъда
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъда
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъда
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасде
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъде
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъде
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъде
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасдаса
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъдаса
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъдаса
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъдаса
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасдасан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъдасан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъдасан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъдасан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасухъ
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъухъ
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъухъ
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъухъ
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасухъе
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъухъе
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъухъе
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъухъе
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасухъа
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъухъа
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъухъа
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъухъа
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасухъан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъухъан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъухъан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъухъан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасулъ
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъулъ
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъулъ
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъулъ
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасулъе
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъулъе
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъулъе
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъулъе
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасулъа
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъулъа
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъулъа
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъулъа
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасулъан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъулъан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъулъан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъулъан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасукь
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъукь
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъукь
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъукь
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасукье
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъукье
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъукье
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъукье
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасукьа
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъукьа
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъукьа
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъукьа
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀарасукьан
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀаралъукьан
0
юкӀкӀ-йукӀкӀаралъукьан
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀаралъукьан
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀун
/[wukʼː-wukʼːun]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀун
/[jikʼː-jikʼːun]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀун
/[jukʼː-jukʼːun]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀун
/[bukʼː-bukʼːun]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀун
/[rukʼː-rukʼːun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀун
/[wukʼː-wukʼːun]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀун
/[jikʼː-jikʼːun]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀун
/[jukʼː-jukʼːun]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀун
/[bukʼː-bukʼːun]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀун
/[rukʼː-rukʼːun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинчӀого
/[wukʼː-wukʼːint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинчӀого
/[jikʼː-jikʼːint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинчӀого
/[jukʼː-jukʼːint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинчӀого
/[bukʼː-bukʼːint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинчӀого
/[rukʼː-rukʼːint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунаго
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunago]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунаго
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunago]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунаго
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunago]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунаго
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunago]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунаго
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀунарого
/[wukʼː-wukʼːunarogo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀунарого
/[jikʼː-jikʼːunarogo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀунарого
/[jukʼː-jukʼːunarogo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀунарого
/[bukʼː-bukʼːunarogo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀунарого
/[rukʼː-rukʼːunarogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀин
/[wukʼː-wukʼːin]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀин
/[jikʼː-jikʼːin]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀин
/[jukʼː-jukʼːin]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀин
/[bukʼː-bukʼːin]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀин
/[rukʼː-rukʼːin]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀине
/[wukʼː-wukʼːine]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀине
/[jikʼː-jikʼːine]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀине
/[jukʼː-jukʼːine]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀине
/[bukʼː-bukʼːine]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀине
/[rukʼː-rukʼːine]/
0
|
| Causative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавизе
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawize]/
🔒
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайизе
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajize]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайизе
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajize]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабизе
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabize]/
🔒
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаризе
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинавуларо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːinawularo]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинайуларо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːinajularo]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинайуларо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːinajularo]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинабуларо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːinabularo]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаруларо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀанхъизе
/[wukʼː-wukʼːanq͡χːize]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀанхъизе
/[jikʼː-jikʼːanq͡χːize]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀанхъизе
/[jukʼː-jukʼːanq͡χːize]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀанхъизе
/[bukʼː-bukʼːanq͡χːize]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀанхъизе
/[rukʼː-rukʼːanq͡χːize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀанхъиларо
/[wukʼː-wukʼːanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀанхъиларо
/[jikʼː-jikʼːanq͡χːilaro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀанхъиларо
/[jukʼː-jukʼːanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀанхъиларо
/[bukʼː-bukʼːanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀанхъиларо
/[rukʼː-rukʼːanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀине
/[wukʼː-wukʼː-wukʼː-wukʼːine]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀине
/[jikʼː-jikʼː-jikʼː-jikʼːine]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀине
/[jukʼː-jukʼː-jukʼː-jukʼːine]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀ-букӀкӀ-букӀкӀине
/[bukʼː-bukʼː-bukʼː-bukʼːine]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀине
/[rukʼː-rukʼː-rukʼː-rukʼːine]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀ-вукӀкӀинаро
/[wukʼː-wukʼː-wukʼː-wukʼːinaro]/
0
|
йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀ-йикӀкӀинаро
/[jikʼː-jikʼː-jikʼː-jikʼːinaro]/
0
юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀ-юкӀкӀинаро
/[jukʼː-jukʼː-jukʼː-jukʼːinaro]/
0
|
букӀкӀ-букӀкӀ-букӀкӀ-букӀкӀинаро
/[bukʼː-bukʼː-bukʼː-bukʼːinaro]/
0
|
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаро
/[rukʼː-rukʼː-rukʼː-rukʼːinaro]/
0
|