Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
см. ахтазе, ахцазе
English
see ахтáзе, ахцáзе
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: akhta-gudaze
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Imperfective
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
6123
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-03-22 12:57
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʔaχta-gudalew wugo]/ |
/[ʔaχta-gudalej jigo]/ |
/[ʔaχta-gudaleb bugo]/ |
/[ʔaχta-gudalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʔaχta-gudalew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʔaχta-gudalej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʔaχta-gudaleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʔaχta-gudalel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
ахта-гудана
[ʔaχta-gudana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ахта-гудачӀо
[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ахта-гудала
[ʔaχta-gudala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ахта-гудаларо
[ʔaχta-gudalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ахта-гудала
[ʔaχta-gudala]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ахта-гудаларо
[ʔaχta-gudalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ахта-гудалаан
[ʔaχta-gudalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ахта-гудалароан
[ʔaχta-gudalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ахта-гуда
[ʔaχta-guda]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ахта-гудаге
[ʔaχta-gudage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ахта-гудаги
[ʔaχta-gudagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ахта-гудагеги
[ʔaχta-gudagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ахта-гудазин
[ʔaχta-gudazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ахта-гудани
[ʔaχta-gudani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ахта-гудачӀони
[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахта-гуданищ
[ʔaχta-gudaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахта-гудачӀищ
[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ахта-гудалищ
[ʔaχta-gudaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахта-гудаларищ
[ʔaχta-gudalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахта-гудалищ
[ʔaχta-gudaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахта-гудаларищ
[ʔaχta-gudalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ахта-гударав
/[ʔaχta-gudaraw]/
0
|
ахта-гударай
/[ʔaχta-gudaraj]/
0
|
ахта-гудараб
/[ʔaχta-gudarab]/
0
|
ахта-гударал
/[ʔaχta-gudaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ахта-гудачӀев
/[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
ахта-гудачӀей
/[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
ахта-гудачӀеб
/[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
ахта-гудачӀел
/[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ахта-гудалев
/[ʔaχta-gudalew]/
0
|
ахта-гудалей
/[ʔaχta-gudalej]/
0
|
ахта-гудалеб
/[ʔaχta-gudaleb]/
0
|
ахта-гудалел
/[ʔaχta-gudalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ахта-гудаларев
/[ʔaχta-gudalarew]/
0
|
ахта-гудаларей
/[ʔaχta-gudalarej]/
0
|
ахта-гудалареб
/[ʔaχta-gudalareb]/
0
|
ахта-гудаларел
/[ʔaχta-gudalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ахта-гудалев
/[ʔaχta-gudalew]/
0
|
ахта-гудалей
/[ʔaχta-gudalej]/
0
|
ахта-гудалеб
/[ʔaχta-gudaleb]/
0
|
ахта-гудалел
/[ʔaχta-gudalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ахта-гудаларев
/[ʔaχta-gudalarew]/
0
|
ахта-гудаларей
/[ʔaχta-gudalarej]/
0
|
ахта-гудалареб
/[ʔaχta-gudalareb]/
0
|
ахта-гудаларел
/[ʔaχta-gudalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ахта-гудазехъин
[ʔaχta-gudazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ахта-гудазехъинро
[ʔaχta-gudazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ахта-гудаяв
/[ʔaχta-gudajaw]/
0
|
ахта-гудаяй
/[ʔaχta-gudajaj]/
0
|
ахта-гудаяб
/[ʔaχta-gudajab]/
0
|
ахта-гудаял
/[ʔaχta-gudajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ахта-гударав
0
|
ахта-гударай
0
|
ахта-гудараб
0
|
ахта-гударал
0
|
| Ergative |
ахта-гударас
0
|
ахта-гударалъ
0
|
ахта-гударалъ
0
|
ахта-гудараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ахта-гударасул
0
|
ахта-гударалъул
0
|
ахта-гударалъул
0
|
ахта-гударазул
0
|
| Dative |
ахта-гударасе
0
|
ахта-гударалъе
0
|
ахта-гударалъе
0
|
ахта-гударазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ахта-гударасда
0
|
ахта-гударалъда
0
|
ахта-гударалъда
0
|
ахта-гударазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ахта-гударасде
0
|
ахта-гударалъде
0
|
ахта-гударалъде
0
|
ахта-гударазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ахта-гударасдаса
0
|
ахта-гударалъдаса
0
|
ахта-гударалъдаса
0
|
ахта-гудараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ахта-гударасдасан
0
|
ахта-гударалъдасан
0
|
ахта-гударалъдасан
0
|
ахта-гудараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ахта-гударасухъ
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъ
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъ
0
|
ахта-гударазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ахта-гударасухъе
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъе
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъе
0
|
ахта-гударазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ахта-гударасухъа
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъа
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъа
0
|
ахта-гударазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ахта-гударасухъан
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъан
0
|
ахта-гударалъухъан
0
|
ахта-гударазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ахта-гударасулъ
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъ
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъ
0
|
ахта-гударазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ахта-гударасулъе
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъе
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъе
0
|
ахта-гударазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ахта-гударасулъа
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъа
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъа
0
|
ахта-гударазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ахта-гударасулъан
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъан
0
|
ахта-гударалъулъан
0
|
ахта-гударазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ахта-гударасукь
0
|
ахта-гударалъукь
0
|
ахта-гударалъукь
0
|
ахта-гударазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ахта-гударасукье
0
|
ахта-гударалъукье
0
|
ахта-гударалъукье
0
|
ахта-гударазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ахта-гударасукьа
0
|
ахта-гударалъукьа
0
|
ахта-гударалъукьа
0
|
ахта-гударазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ахта-гударасукьан
0
|
ахта-гударалъукьан
0
|
ахта-гударалъукьан
0
|
ахта-гударазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ахта-гудан
[ʔaχta-gudan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ахта-гудан
[ʔaχta-gudan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ахта-гудачӀого
[ʔaχta-gudat͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ахта-гудалаго
[ʔaχta-gudalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ахта-гудаларого
[ʔaχta-gudalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ахта-гудай
[ʔaχta-gudaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ахта-гудазе
[ʔaχta-gudaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ахта-гудазавизе
/[ʔaχta-gudazawize]/
0
|
ахта-гудазайизе
/[ʔaχta-gudazajize]/
0
|
ахта-гудазабизе
/[ʔaχta-gudazabize]/
0
|
ахта-гудазаризе
/[ʔaχta-gudazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ахта-гудазавуларо
/[ʔaχta-gudazawularo]/
0
|
ахта-гудазайуларо
/[ʔaχta-gudazajularo]/
0
|
ахта-гудазабуларо
/[ʔaχta-gudazabularo]/
0
|
ахта-гудазаруларо
/[ʔaχta-gudazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ахта-гудааризе
[ʔaχta-gudajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ахта-гудаариларо
[ʔaχta-gudajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ахта-гуда-ахта-гудазе
[ʔaχta-guda-aχta-gudaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ахта-гуда-ахта-гудаларо
[ʔaχta-guda-aχta-gudalaro]
0
|
|||