Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
см. ахта-гудазе, ахцазе
English
see ахтá-гудазе, ахцáзе
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: akhtaze
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Imperfective
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
6147
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-03-22 12:57
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ахтана
[ʔaχtana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ахтачӀо
[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ахтала
[ʔaχtala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ахталаро
[ʔaχtalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ахтала
[ʔaχtala]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ахталаро
[ʔaχtalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ахталаан
[ʔaχtalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ахталароан
[ʔaχtalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ахта
[ʔaχta]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ахтаге
[ʔaχtage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ахтаги
[ʔaχtagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ахтагеги
[ʔaχtagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ахтазин
[ʔaχtazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ахтани
[ʔaχtani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ахтачӀони
[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахтанищ
[ʔaχtaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахтачӀищ
[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ахталищ
[ʔaχtaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахталарищ
[ʔaχtalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахталищ
[ʔaχtaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахталарищ
[ʔaχtalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ахтарав
/[ʔaχtaraw]/
0
|
ахтарай
/[ʔaχtaraj]/
0
|
ахтараб
/[ʔaχtarab]/
0
|
ахтарал
/[ʔaχtaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ахтачӀев
/[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
ахтачӀей
/[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
ахтачӀеб
/[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
ахтачӀел
/[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ахталев
/[ʔaχtalew]/
0
|
ахталей
/[ʔaχtalej]/
0
|
ахталеб
/[ʔaχtaleb]/
0
|
ахталел
/[ʔaχtalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ахталарев
/[ʔaχtalarew]/
0
|
ахталарей
/[ʔaχtalarej]/
0
|
ахталареб
/[ʔaχtalareb]/
0
|
ахталарел
/[ʔaχtalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ахталев
/[ʔaχtalew]/
0
|
ахталей
/[ʔaχtalej]/
0
|
ахталеб
/[ʔaχtaleb]/
0
|
ахталел
/[ʔaχtalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ахталарев
/[ʔaχtalarew]/
0
|
ахталарей
/[ʔaχtalarej]/
0
|
ахталареб
/[ʔaχtalareb]/
0
|
ахталарел
/[ʔaχtalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ахтазехъин
[ʔaχtazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ахтазехъинро
[ʔaχtazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ахтаяв
/[ʔaχtajaw]/
🔒
1
|
ахтаяй
/[ʔaχtajaj]/
0
|
ахтаяб
/[ʔaχtajab]/
🔒
2
|
ахтаял
/[ʔaχtajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ахтарав
0
|
ахтарай
0
|
ахтараб
0
|
ахтарал
0
|
| Ergative |
ахтарас
0
|
ахтаралъ
0
|
ахтаралъ
0
|
ахтараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ахтарасул
0
|
ахтаралъул
0
|
ахтаралъул
0
|
ахтаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ахтарасе
0
|
ахтаралъе
0
|
ахтаралъе
0
|
ахтаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ахтарасда
0
|
ахтаралъда
0
|
ахтаралъда
0
|
ахтаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ахтарасде
0
|
ахтаралъде
0
|
ахтаралъде
0
|
ахтаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ахтарасдаса
0
|
ахтаралъдаса
0
|
ахтаралъдаса
0
|
ахтараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ахтарасдасан
0
|
ахтаралъдасан
0
|
ахтаралъдасан
0
|
ахтараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ахтарасухъ
0
|
ахтаралъухъ
0
|
ахтаралъухъ
0
|
ахтаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ахтарасухъе
0
|
ахтаралъухъе
0
|
ахтаралъухъе
0
|
ахтаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ахтарасухъа
0
|
ахтаралъухъа
0
|
ахтаралъухъа
0
|
ахтаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ахтарасухъан
0
|
ахтаралъухъан
0
|
ахтаралъухъан
0
|
ахтаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ахтарасулъ
0
|
ахтаралъулъ
0
|
ахтаралъулъ
0
|
ахтаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ахтарасулъе
0
|
ахтаралъулъе
0
|
ахтаралъулъе
0
|
ахтаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ахтарасулъа
0
|
ахтаралъулъа
0
|
ахтаралъулъа
0
|
ахтаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ахтарасулъан
0
|
ахтаралъулъан
0
|
ахтаралъулъан
0
|
ахтаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ахтарасукь
0
|
ахтаралъукь
0
|
ахтаралъукь
0
|
ахтаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ахтарасукье
0
|
ахтаралъукье
0
|
ахтаралъукье
0
|
ахтаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ахтарасукьа
0
|
ахтаралъукьа
0
|
ахтаралъукьа
0
|
ахтаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ахтарасукьан
0
|
ахтаралъукьан
0
|
ахтаралъукьан
0
|
ахтаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ахтан
[ʔaχtan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ахтан
[ʔaχtan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ахтачӀого
[ʔaχtat͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ахталаго
[ʔaχtalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ахталарого
[ʔaχtalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ахтай
[ʔaχtaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ахтазе
[ʔaχtaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ахтазавизе
/[ʔaχtazawize]/
0
|
ахтазайизе
/[ʔaχtazajize]/
0
|
ахтазабизе
/[ʔaχtazabize]/
0
|
ахтазаризе
/[ʔaχtazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ахтазавуларо
/[ʔaχtazawularo]/
0
|
ахтазайуларо
/[ʔaχtazajularo]/
0
|
ахтазабуларо
/[ʔaχtazabularo]/
0
|
ахтазаруларо
/[ʔaχtazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ахтааризе
[ʔaχtajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ахтаариларо
[ʔaχtajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ахта-ахтазе
[ʔaχta-aχtaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ахта-ахталаро
[ʔaχta-aχtalaro]
0
|
|||