Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
приводить, привести чем-л. к вялости
English
to cause lethargy/sluggishness
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: akhtsazabize
Source Verb
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Imperfective
Voice
Causative
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
6178
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-03-22 12:58
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʔaχt͡sazawulew wugo]/ |
/[ʔaχt͡sazajulej jigo]/ |
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuleb bugo]/ |
/[ʔaχt͡sazarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʔaχt͡sazawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʔaχt͡sazajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʔaχt͡sazarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
ахцазавуна
/[ʔaχt͡sazawuna]/
0
|
ахцазайуна
/[ʔaχt͡sazajuna]/
0
|
ахцазабуна
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuna]/
0
|
ахцазаруна
/[ʔaχt͡sazaruna]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
ахцазавичӀо
/[ʔaχt͡sazawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
ахцазайичӀо
/[ʔaχt͡sazajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
ахцазабичӀо
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
ахцазаричӀо
/[ʔaχt͡sazarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
ахцазавила
/[ʔaχt͡sazawila]/
0
|
ахцазайила
/[ʔaχt͡sazajila]/
0
|
ахцазабила
/[ʔaχt͡sazabila]/
0
|
ахцазарила
/[ʔaχt͡sazarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
ахцазавиларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazawilaro]/
0
|
ахцазайиларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazajilaro]/
0
|
ахцазабиларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazabilaro]/
0
|
ахцазариларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
ахцазавула
/[ʔaχt͡sazawula]/
🔒
0
|
ахцазайула
/[ʔaχt͡sazajula]/
0
|
ахцазабула
/[ʔaχt͡sazabula]/
🔒
0
|
ахцазарула
/[ʔaχt͡sazarula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
ахцазавуларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazawularo]/
0
|
ахцазайуларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazajularo]/
0
|
ахцазабуларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularo]/
0
|
ахцазаруларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ахцазавулаан
/[ʔaχt͡sazawulajan]/
0
|
ахцазайулаан
/[ʔaχt͡sazajulajan]/
0
|
ахцазабулаан
/[ʔaχt͡sazabulajan]/
0
|
ахцазарулаан
/[ʔaχt͡sazarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
ахцазабулароан
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularojan]/
0
|
ахцазабулароан
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularojan]/
0
|
ахцазабулароан
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularojan]/
0
|
ахцазарулароан
/[ʔaχt͡sazarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ахцазаве
/[ʔaχt͡sazawe]/
🔒
0
|
ахцазайе
/[ʔaχt͡sazaje]/
0
|
ахцазабе
/[ʔaχt͡sazabe]/
🔒
0
|
ахцазаре
/[ʔaχt͡sazare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ахцазавуге
/[ʔaχt͡sazawuge]/
0
|
ахцазайуге
/[ʔaχt͡sazajuge]/
0
|
ахцазабуге
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuge]/
0
|
ахцазаруге
/[ʔaχt͡sazaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
ахцазабеги
/[ʔaχt͡sazawegi]/
0
|
ахцазабеги
/[ʔaχt͡sazajegi]/
0
|
ахцазабеги
/[ʔaχt͡sazabegi]/
0
|
ахцазареги
/[ʔaχt͡sazaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
ахцазабугеги
/[ʔaχt͡sazabugegi]/
0
|
ахцазабугеги
/[ʔaχt͡sazabugegi]/
0
|
ахцазабугеги
/[ʔaχt͡sazabugegi]/
0
|
ахцазаругеги
/[ʔaχt͡sazarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
ахцазавизин
/[ʔaχt͡sazawizin]/
0
|
ахцазайизин
/[ʔaχt͡sazajizin]/
0
|
ахцазабизин
/[ʔaχt͡sazabizin]/
0
|
ахцазаризин
/[ʔaχt͡sazarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ахцазавуни
/[ʔaχt͡sazawuni]/
0
|
ахцазайуни
/[ʔaχt͡sazajuni]/
0
|
ахцазабуни
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuni]/
0
|
ахцазаруни
/[ʔaχt͡sazaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
ахцазабичӀони
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
ахцазабичӀони
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
ахцазабичӀони
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
ахцазаричӀони
/[ʔaχt͡sazarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахцазавунищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazawuniʃː]/
0
|
ахцазайунищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazajuniʃː]/
0
|
ахцазабунищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuniʃː]/
0
|
ахцазарунищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцазавичӀищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
ахцазайичӀищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
ахцазабичӀищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
ахцазаричӀищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцазавулищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazawuliʃː]/
0
|
ахцазайулищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazajuliʃː]/
0
|
ахцазабулищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuliʃː]/
0
|
ахцазарулищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцазавуларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazawulariʃː]/
0
|
ахцазайуларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazajulariʃː]/
0
|
ахцазабуларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazabulariʃː]/
0
|
ахцазаруларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахцазавилищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazawiliʃː]/
0
|
ахцазайилищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazajiliʃː]/
0
|
ахцазабилищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazabiliʃː]/
0
|
ахцазарилищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцазавиларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazawilariʃː]/
0
|
ахцазайиларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazajilariʃː]/
0
|
ахцазабиларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazabilariʃː]/
0
|
ахцазариларищ
/[ʔaχt͡sazarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ахцазавурав
/[ʔaχt͡sazawuraw]/
0
|
ахцазайурай
/[ʔaχt͡sazajuraj]/
0
|
ахцазабураб
/[ʔaχt͡sazaburab]/
0
|
ахцазарурал
/[ʔaχt͡sazarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ахцазавичӀев
/[ʔaχt͡sazawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
ахцазайичӀей
/[ʔaχt͡sazajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
ахцазабичӀеб
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
ахцазаричӀел
/[ʔaχt͡sazarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ахцазавулев
/[ʔaχt͡sazawulew]/
0
|
ахцазайулей
/[ʔaχt͡sazajulej]/
0
|
ахцазабулеб
/[ʔaχt͡sazabuleb]/
0
|
ахцазарулел
/[ʔaχt͡sazarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ахцазавуларев
/[ʔaχt͡sazawularew]/
0
|
ахцазайуларей
/[ʔaχt͡sazajularej]/
0
|
ахцазабулареб
/[ʔaχt͡sazabulareb]/
0
|
ахцазаруларел
/[ʔaχt͡sazarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ахцазавилев
/[ʔaχt͡sazawilew]/
0
|
ахцазайилей
/[ʔaχt͡sazajilej]/
0
|
ахцазабилеб
/[ʔaχt͡sazabileb]/
0
|
ахцазарилел
/[ʔaχt͡sazarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ахцазавиларев
/[ʔaχt͡sazawilarew]/
0
|
ахцазайиларей
/[ʔaχt͡sazajilarej]/
0
|
ахцазабилареб
/[ʔaχt͡sazabilareb]/
0
|
ахцазариларел
/[ʔaχt͡sazarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ахцазавизехъин
/[ʔaχt͡sazawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
ахцазайизехъин
/[ʔaχt͡sazajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
ахцазабизехъин
/[ʔaχt͡sazabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
ахцазаризехъин
/[ʔaχt͡sazarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ахцазавизехъинро
/[ʔaχt͡sazawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
ахцазайизехъинро
/[ʔaχt͡sazajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
ахцазабизехъинро
/[ʔaχt͡sazabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
ахцазаризехъинро
/[ʔaχt͡sazarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
ахцазавеяв
/[ʔaχt͡sazawejaw]/
0
|
ахцазайеяй
/[ʔaχt͡sazajejaj]/
0
|
ахцазабеяб
/[ʔaχt͡sazabejab]/
0
|
ахцазареял
/[ʔaχt͡sazarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ахцазавурав
0
|
ахцазайурай
0
|
ахцазабураб
0
|
ахцазарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
ахцазавурас
0
|
ахцазайуралъ
0
|
ахцазабуралъ
0
|
ахцазарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
ахцазавурасул
0
|
ахцазайуралъул
0
|
ахцазабуралъул
0
|
ахцазаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
ахцазавурасе
0
|
ахцазайуралъе
0
|
ахцазабуралъе
0
|
ахцазаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ахцазавурасда
0
|
ахцазайуралъда
0
|
ахцазабуралъда
0
|
ахцазаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ахцазавурасде
0
|
ахцазайуралъде
0
|
ахцазабуралъде
0
|
ахцазаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ахцазавурасдаса
0
|
ахцазайуралъдаса
0
|
ахцазабуралъдаса
0
|
ахцазарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ахцазавурасдасан
0
|
ахцазайуралъдасан
0
|
ахцазабуралъдасан
0
|
ахцазарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ахцазавурасухъ
0
|
ахцазайуралъухъ
0
|
ахцазабуралъухъ
0
|
ахцазаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ахцазавурасухъе
0
|
ахцазайуралъухъе
0
|
ахцазабуралъухъе
0
|
ахцазаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ахцазавурасухъа
0
|
ахцазайуралъухъа
0
|
ахцазабуралъухъа
0
|
ахцазаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ахцазавурасухъан
0
|
ахцазайуралъухъан
0
|
ахцазабуралъухъан
0
|
ахцазаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ахцазавурасулъ
0
|
ахцазайуралъулъ
0
|
ахцазабуралъулъ
0
|
ахцазаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ахцазавурасулъе
0
|
ахцазайуралъулъе
0
|
ахцазабуралъулъе
0
|
ахцазаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ахцазавурасулъа
0
|
ахцазайуралъулъа
0
|
ахцазабуралъулъа
0
|
ахцазаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ахцазавурасулъан
0
|
ахцазайуралъулъан
0
|
ахцазабуралъулъан
0
|
ахцазаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ахцазавурасукь
0
|
ахцазайуралъукь
0
|
ахцазабуралъукь
0
|
ахцазаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ахцазавурасукье
0
|
ахцазайуралъукье
0
|
ахцазабуралъукье
0
|
ахцазаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ахцазавурасукьа
0
|
ахцазайуралъукьа
0
|
ахцазабуралъукьа
0
|
ахцазаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ахцазавурасукьан
0
|
ахцазайуралъукьан
0
|
ахцазабуралъукьан
0
|
ахцазаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ахцазавун
/[ʔaχt͡sazawun]/
🔒
1
|
ахцазайун
/[ʔaχt͡sazajun]/
0
|
ахцазабун
/[ʔaχt͡sazabun]/
0
|
ахцазарун
/[ʔaχt͡sazarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
ахцазавун
/[ʔaχt͡sazawun]/
🔒
1
|
ахцазайун
/[ʔaχt͡sazajun]/
0
|
ахцазабун
/[ʔaχt͡sazabun]/
0
|
ахцазарун
/[ʔaχt͡sazarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ахцазабичӀого
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
ахцазабичӀого
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
ахцазабичӀого
/[ʔaχt͡sazabit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
ахцазаричӀого
/[ʔaχt͡sazarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
ахцазавулаго
/[ʔaχt͡sazawulago]/
0
|
ахцазайулаго
/[ʔaχt͡sazajulago]/
0
|
ахцазабулаго
/[ʔaχt͡sazabulago]/
0
|
ахцазарулаго
/[ʔaχt͡sazarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
ахцазабуларого
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularogo]/
0
|
ахцазабуларого
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularogo]/
0
|
ахцазабуларого
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularogo]/
0
|
ахцазаруларого
/[ʔaχt͡sazarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ахцазави
/[ʔaχt͡sazawi]/
0
|
ахцазайи
/[ʔaχt͡sazaji]/
0
|
ахцазаби
/[ʔaχt͡sazabi]/
0
|
ахцазари
/[ʔaχt͡sazari]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
ахцазавизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazawize]/
0
|
ахцазайизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazajize]/
0
|
ахцазабизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazabize]/
0
|
ахцазаризе
/[ʔaχt͡sazarize]/
0
|
| Causative |
—
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
—
0
|
|||
| Durative |
ахцазавиаризе
/[ʔaχt͡sazawijarize]/
0
|
ахцазайиаризе
/[ʔaχt͡sazajijarize]/
0
|
ахцазабиаризе
/[ʔaχt͡sazabijarize]/
0
|
ахцазариаризе
/[ʔaχt͡sazarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
ахцазавиариларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazawijarilaro]/
0
|
ахцазайиариларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazajijarilaro]/
0
|
ахцазабиариларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazabijarilaro]/
0
|
ахцазариариларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
ахцазаб-ахцазавизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazawize]/
0
|
ахцазаб-ахцазайизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazajize]/
0
|
ахцазаб-ахцазабизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazabize]/
0
|
ахцазаб-ахцазаризе
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
ахцазаб-ахцазавиларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazawilaro]/
0
|
ахцазаб-ахцазайиларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazajilaro]/
0
|
ахцазаб-ахцазабиларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazabilaro]/
0
|
ахцазаб-ахцазариларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazab-aχt͡sazarilaro]/
0
|