Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
находиться в вялом состоянии, в приглушённом состоянии
English
to be in a lethargic state, to be muffled/subdued
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: akhtsaze
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Imperfective
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
6184
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-03-22 12:58
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ахцана
[ʔaχt͡sana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ахцачӀо
[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ахцала
[ʔaχt͡sala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ахцаларо
[ʔaχt͡salaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ахцала
[ʔaχt͡sala]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ахцаларо
[ʔaχt͡salaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ахцалаан
[ʔaχt͡salajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ахцалароан
[ʔaχt͡salarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ахца
[ʔaχt͡sa]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ахцаге
[ʔaχt͡sage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ахцаги
[ʔaχt͡sagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ахцагеги
[ʔaχt͡sagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ахцазин
[ʔaχt͡sazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ахцани
[ʔaχt͡sani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ахцачӀони
[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахцанищ
[ʔaχt͡saniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцачӀищ
[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцалищ
[ʔaχt͡saliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцаларищ
[ʔaχt͡salariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ахцалищ
[ʔaχt͡saliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ахцаларищ
[ʔaχt͡salariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ахцарав
/[ʔaχt͡saraw]/
0
|
ахцарай
/[ʔaχt͡saraj]/
0
|
ахцараб
/[ʔaχt͡sarab]/
0
|
ахцарал
/[ʔaχt͡saral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ахцачӀев
/[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
ахцачӀей
/[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
ахцачӀеб
/[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
1
|
ахцачӀел
/[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ахцалев
/[ʔaχt͡salew]/
0
|
ахцалей
/[ʔaχt͡salej]/
0
|
ахцалеб
/[ʔaχt͡saleb]/
0
|
ахцалел
/[ʔaχt͡salel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ахцаларев
/[ʔaχt͡salarew]/
0
|
ахцаларей
/[ʔaχt͡salarej]/
0
|
ахцалареб
/[ʔaχt͡salareb]/
0
|
ахцаларел
/[ʔaχt͡salarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ахцалев
/[ʔaχt͡salew]/
0
|
ахцалей
/[ʔaχt͡salej]/
0
|
ахцалеб
/[ʔaχt͡saleb]/
0
|
ахцалел
/[ʔaχt͡salel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ахцаларев
/[ʔaχt͡salarew]/
0
|
ахцаларей
/[ʔaχt͡salarej]/
0
|
ахцалареб
/[ʔaχt͡salareb]/
0
|
ахцаларел
/[ʔaχt͡salarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ахцазехъин
[ʔaχt͡sazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ахцазехъинро
[ʔaχt͡sazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ахцаяв
/[ʔaχt͡sajaw]/
0
|
ахцаяй
/[ʔaχt͡sajaj]/
0
|
ахцаяб
/[ʔaχt͡sajab]/
0
|
ахцаял
/[ʔaχt͡sajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ахцарав
0
|
ахцарай
0
|
ахцараб
0
|
ахцарал
0
|
| Ergative |
ахцарас
0
|
ахцаралъ
0
|
ахцаралъ
0
|
ахцараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ахцарасул
0
|
ахцаралъул
0
|
ахцаралъул
0
|
ахцаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ахцарасе
0
|
ахцаралъе
0
|
ахцаралъе
0
|
ахцаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ахцарасда
0
|
ахцаралъда
0
|
ахцаралъда
0
|
ахцаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ахцарасде
0
|
ахцаралъде
0
|
ахцаралъде
0
|
ахцаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ахцарасдаса
0
|
ахцаралъдаса
0
|
ахцаралъдаса
0
|
ахцараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ахцарасдасан
0
|
ахцаралъдасан
0
|
ахцаралъдасан
0
|
ахцараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ахцарасухъ
0
|
ахцаралъухъ
0
|
ахцаралъухъ
0
|
ахцаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ахцарасухъе
0
|
ахцаралъухъе
0
|
ахцаралъухъе
0
|
ахцаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ахцарасухъа
0
|
ахцаралъухъа
0
|
ахцаралъухъа
0
|
ахцаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ахцарасухъан
0
|
ахцаралъухъан
0
|
ахцаралъухъан
0
|
ахцаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ахцарасулъ
0
|
ахцаралъулъ
0
|
ахцаралъулъ
0
|
ахцаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ахцарасулъе
0
|
ахцаралъулъе
0
|
ахцаралъулъе
0
|
ахцаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ахцарасулъа
0
|
ахцаралъулъа
0
|
ахцаралъулъа
0
|
ахцаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ахцарасулъан
0
|
ахцаралъулъан
0
|
ахцаралъулъан
0
|
ахцаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ахцарасукь
0
|
ахцаралъукь
0
|
ахцаралъукь
0
|
ахцаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ахцарасукье
0
|
ахцаралъукье
0
|
ахцаралъукье
0
|
ахцаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ахцарасукьа
0
|
ахцаралъукьа
0
|
ахцаралъукьа
0
|
ахцаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ахцарасукьан
0
|
ахцаралъукьан
0
|
ахцаралъукьан
0
|
ахцаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ахцан
[ʔaχt͡san]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ахцан
[ʔaχt͡san]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ахцачӀого
[ʔaχt͡sat͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ахцалаго
[ʔaχt͡salago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ахцаларого
[ʔaχt͡salarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ахцай
[ʔaχt͡saj]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ахцазе
[ʔaχt͡saze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ахцазавизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazawize]/
0
|
ахцазайизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazajize]/
0
|
ахцазабизе
/[ʔaχt͡sazabize]/
0
|
ахцазаризе
/[ʔaχt͡sazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ахцазавуларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazawularo]/
0
|
ахцазайуларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazajularo]/
0
|
ахцазабуларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazabularo]/
0
|
ахцазаруларо
/[ʔaχt͡sazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ахцааризе
[ʔaχt͡sajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ахцаариларо
[ʔaχt͡sajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ахца-ахцазе
[ʔaχt͡sa-aχt͡saze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ахца-ахцаларо
[ʔaχt͡sa-aχt͡salaro]
0
|
|||