Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бояться кого-чего-л.; отступать, отступить от чего-л.
English
to fear, to be afraid of; to retreat, to step back from
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: berqʼaze
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
7496
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-21 14:10
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
беркъана
[berq͡χʼːana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
беркъачӀо
[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
беркъала
[berq͡χʼːala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
беркъаларо
[berq͡χʼːalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
беркъала
[berq͡χʼːala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
беркъаларо
[berq͡χʼːalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
беркъалаан
[berq͡χʼːalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
беркъалароан
[berq͡χʼːalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
беркъа
[berq͡χʼːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
беркъаге
[berq͡χʼːage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
беркъаги
[berq͡χʼːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
беркъагеги
[berq͡χʼːagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
беркъазин
[berq͡χʼːazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
беркъани
[berq͡χʼːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
беркъачӀони
[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
беркъанищ
[berq͡χʼːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъачӀищ
[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъалищ
[berq͡χʼːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъаларищ
[berq͡χʼːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
беркъалищ
[berq͡χʼːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
беркъаларищ
[berq͡χʼːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
беркъарав
/[berq͡χʼːaraw]/
0
|
беркъарай
/[berq͡χʼːaraj]/
0
|
беркъараб
/[berq͡χʼːarab]/
🔒
3
|
беркъарал
/[berq͡χʼːaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
беркъачӀев
/[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
беркъачӀей
/[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
беркъачӀеб
/[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
1
|
беркъачӀел
/[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
беркъалев
/[berq͡χʼːalew]/
0
|
беркъалей
/[berq͡χʼːalej]/
0
|
беркъалеб
/[berq͡χʼːaleb]/
0
|
беркъалел
/[berq͡χʼːalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
беркъаларев
/[berq͡χʼːalarew]/
0
|
беркъаларей
/[berq͡χʼːalarej]/
0
|
беркъалареб
/[berq͡χʼːalareb]/
0
|
беркъаларел
/[berq͡χʼːalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
беркъалев
/[berq͡χʼːalew]/
0
|
беркъалей
/[berq͡χʼːalej]/
0
|
беркъалеб
/[berq͡χʼːaleb]/
0
|
беркъалел
/[berq͡χʼːalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
беркъаларев
/[berq͡χʼːalarew]/
0
|
беркъаларей
/[berq͡χʼːalarej]/
0
|
беркъалареб
/[berq͡χʼːalareb]/
0
|
беркъаларел
/[berq͡χʼːalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
беркъазехъин
[berq͡χʼːazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
беркъазехъинро
[berq͡χʼːazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
беркъаяв
/[berq͡χʼːajaw]/
0
|
беркъаяй
/[berq͡χʼːajaj]/
0
|
беркъаяб
/[berq͡χʼːajab]/
0
|
беркъаял
/[berq͡χʼːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
беркъарав
0
|
беркъарай
0
|
беркъараб
3
|
беркъарал
1
|
| Ergative |
беркъарас
0
|
беркъаралъ
0
|
беркъаралъ
0
|
беркъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
беркъарасул
0
|
беркъаралъул
0
|
беркъаралъул
0
|
беркъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
беркъарасе
0
|
беркъаралъе
0
|
беркъаралъе
0
|
беркъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
беркъарасда
0
|
беркъаралъда
0
|
беркъаралъда
0
|
беркъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
беркъарасде
0
|
беркъаралъде
0
|
беркъаралъде
0
|
беркъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
беркъарасдаса
0
|
беркъаралъдаса
0
|
беркъаралъдаса
0
|
беркъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
беркъарасдасан
0
|
беркъаралъдасан
0
|
беркъаралъдасан
0
|
беркъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
беркъарасухъ
0
|
беркъаралъухъ
0
|
беркъаралъухъ
0
|
беркъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
беркъарасухъе
0
|
беркъаралъухъе
0
|
беркъаралъухъе
0
|
беркъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
беркъарасухъа
0
|
беркъаралъухъа
0
|
беркъаралъухъа
0
|
беркъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
беркъарасухъан
0
|
беркъаралъухъан
0
|
беркъаралъухъан
0
|
беркъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
беркъарасулъ
0
|
беркъаралъулъ
0
|
беркъаралъулъ
0
|
беркъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
беркъарасулъе
0
|
беркъаралъулъе
0
|
беркъаралъулъе
0
|
беркъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
беркъарасулъа
0
|
беркъаралъулъа
0
|
беркъаралъулъа
0
|
беркъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
беркъарасулъан
0
|
беркъаралъулъан
0
|
беркъаралъулъан
0
|
беркъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
беркъарасукь
0
|
беркъаралъукь
0
|
беркъаралъукь
0
|
беркъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
беркъарасукье
0
|
беркъаралъукье
0
|
беркъаралъукье
0
|
беркъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
беркъарасукьа
0
|
беркъаралъукьа
0
|
беркъаралъукьа
0
|
беркъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
беркъарасукьан
0
|
беркъаралъукьан
0
|
беркъаралъукьан
0
|
беркъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
беркъан
[berq͡χʼːan]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
беркъан
[berq͡χʼːan]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
беркъачӀого
[berq͡χʼːat͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
беркъалаго
[berq͡χʼːalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
беркъаларого
[berq͡χʼːalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
беркъай
[berq͡χʼːaj]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Infinitive |
беркъазе
[berq͡χʼːaze]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
беркъазавизе
/[berq͡χʼːazawize]/
0
|
беркъазайизе
/[berq͡χʼːazajize]/
0
|
беркъазабизе
/[berq͡χʼːazabize]/
0
|
беркъазаризе
/[berq͡χʼːazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
беркъазавуларо
/[berq͡χʼːazawularo]/
0
|
беркъазайуларо
/[berq͡χʼːazajularo]/
0
|
беркъазабуларо
/[berq͡χʼːazabularo]/
0
|
беркъазаруларо
/[berq͡χʼːazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
беркъааризе
[berq͡χʼːajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
беркъаариларо
[berq͡χʼːajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
беркъа-беркъазе
[berq͡χʼːa-berq͡χʼːaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
беркъа-беркъаларо
[berq͡χʼːa-berq͡χʼːalaro]
0
|
|||