Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
продавать
выпутать; развязывать, развязать; развёртывать; раскутывать; разматывать; разбирать (стену); продавать, продать; предавать, выдавать; лишаться (свака); решать (задачу)
загнать
ломать
отдать
открепить
продать
развернуть
развязать
раскатать
раскрутить
раскутать
реализовать
сбыть
торговать
продавать
English
to untie; to unroll; to unwrap; to unwind; to dismantle (a wall); to sell; to betray; to be deprived of (e.g. fatigue); to solve (a problem)
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bichize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
176624
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
195
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
вичана
/[wit͡ʃana]/
🔒
1
|
йичана
/[jit͡ʃana]/
0
|
бичана
/[bit͡ʃana]/
🔒
35
|
ричана
/[rit͡ʃana]/
🔒
7
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вичичӀо
/[wit͡ʃit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йичичӀо
/[jit͡ʃit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бичичӀо
/[bit͡ʃit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
2
|
ричичӀо
/[rit͡ʃit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вичила
/[wit͡ʃila]/
0
|
йичила
/[jit͡ʃila]/
0
|
бичила
/[bit͡ʃila]/
🔒
2
|
ричила
/[rit͡ʃila]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вичиларо
/[wit͡ʃilaro]/
0
|
йичиларо
/[jit͡ʃilaro]/
0
|
бичиларо
/[bit͡ʃilaro]/
0
|
ричиларо
/[rit͡ʃilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вичула
/[wit͡ʃula]/
0
|
йичула
/[jit͡ʃula]/
🔒
1
|
бичула
/[bit͡ʃula]/
🔒
21
|
ричула
/[rit͡ʃula]/
🔒
26
|
| Constative Negative |
вичуларо
/[wit͡ʃularo]/
🔒
1
|
йичуларо
/[jit͡ʃularo]/
0
|
бичуларо
/[bit͡ʃularo]/
🔒
10
|
ричуларо
/[rit͡ʃularo]/
🔒
1
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вичулаан
/[wit͡ʃulajan]/
0
|
йичулаан
/[jit͡ʃulajan]/
0
|
бичулаан
/[bit͡ʃulajan]/
🔒
6
|
ричулаан
/[rit͡ʃulajan]/
🔒
3
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вичулароан
/[wit͡ʃularojan]/
0
|
йичулароан
/[jit͡ʃularojan]/
0
|
бичулароан
/[bit͡ʃularojan]/
0
|
ричулароан
/[rit͡ʃularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
виче
/[wit͡ʃe]/
0
|
йиче
/[jit͡ʃe]/
0
|
биче
/[bit͡ʃe]/
🔒
11
|
риче
/[rit͡ʃe]/
🔒
3
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вичуге
/[wit͡ʃuge]/
0
|
йичуге
/[jit͡ʃuge]/
0
|
бичуге
/[bit͡ʃuge]/
🔒
5
|
ричуге
/[rit͡ʃuge]/
0
|
| Optative |
вичеги
/[wit͡ʃegi]/
0
|
йичеги
/[jit͡ʃegi]/
0
|
бичеги
/[bit͡ʃegi]/
0
|
ричеги
/[rit͡ʃegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вичугеги
/[wit͡ʃugegi]/
0
|
йичугеги
/[jit͡ʃugegi]/
0
|
бичугеги
/[bit͡ʃugegi]/
0
|
ричугеги
/[rit͡ʃugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вичизин
/[wit͡ʃizin]/
0
|
йичизин
/[jit͡ʃizin]/
0
|
бичизин
/[bit͡ʃizin]/
0
|
ричизин
/[rit͡ʃizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вичани
/[wit͡ʃani]/
0
|
йичани
/[jit͡ʃani]/
0
|
бичани
/[bit͡ʃani]/
🔒
9
|
ричани
/[rit͡ʃani]/
🔒
3
|
| Conditional Negative |
вичичӀони
/[wit͡ʃit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йичичӀони
/[jit͡ʃit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бичичӀони
/[bit͡ʃit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
ричичӀони
/[rit͡ʃit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вичанищ
/[wit͡ʃaniʃː]/
0
|
йичанищ
/[jit͡ʃaniʃː]/
0
|
бичанищ
/[bit͡ʃaniʃː]/
0
|
ричанищ
/[rit͡ʃaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вичичӀищ
/[wit͡ʃit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йичичӀищ
/[jit͡ʃit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бичичӀищ
/[bit͡ʃit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
ричичӀищ
/[rit͡ʃit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вичулищ
/[wit͡ʃuliʃː]/
0
|
йичулищ
/[jit͡ʃuliʃː]/
0
|
бичулищ
/[bit͡ʃuliʃː]/
0
|
ричулищ
/[rit͡ʃuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вичуларищ
/[wit͡ʃulariʃː]/
0
|
йичуларищ
/[jit͡ʃulariʃː]/
0
|
бичуларищ
/[bit͡ʃulariʃː]/
0
|
ричуларищ
/[rit͡ʃulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вичилищ
/[wit͡ʃiliʃː]/
0
|
йичилищ
/[jit͡ʃiliʃː]/
0
|
бичилищ
/[bit͡ʃiliʃː]/
🔒
1
|
ричилищ
/[rit͡ʃiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вичиларищ
/[wit͡ʃilariʃː]/
0
|
йичиларищ
/[jit͡ʃilariʃː]/
0
|
бичиларищ
/[bit͡ʃilariʃː]/
0
|
ричиларищ
/[rit͡ʃilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вичарав
/[wit͡ʃaraw]/
0
|
йичарай
/[jit͡ʃaraj]/
🔒
1
|
бичараб
/[bit͡ʃarab]/
🔒
27
|
ричарал
/[rit͡ʃaral]/
🔒
15
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вичичӀев
/[wit͡ʃit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йичичӀей
/[jit͡ʃit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бичичӀеб
/[bit͡ʃit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
ричичӀел
/[rit͡ʃit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
вичулев
/[wit͡ʃulew]/
0
|
йичулей
/[jit͡ʃulej]/
0
|
бичулеб
/[bit͡ʃuleb]/
🔒
214
|
ричулел
/[rit͡ʃulel]/
🔒
142
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вичуларев
/[wit͡ʃularew]/
0
|
йичуларей
/[jit͡ʃularej]/
0
|
бичулареб
/[bit͡ʃulareb]/
🔒
2
|
ричуларел
/[rit͡ʃularel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle |
вичилев
/[wit͡ʃilew]/
0
|
йичилей
/[jit͡ʃilej]/
0
|
бичилеб
/[bit͡ʃileb]/
🔒
1
|
ричилел
/[rit͡ʃilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вичиларев
/[wit͡ʃilarew]/
0
|
йичиларей
/[jit͡ʃilarej]/
0
|
бичилареб
/[bit͡ʃilareb]/
0
|
ричиларел
/[rit͡ʃilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вичизехъин
/[wit͡ʃizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йичизехъин
/[jit͡ʃizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
бичизехъин
/[bit͡ʃizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
2
|
ричизехъин
/[rit͡ʃizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вичизехъинро
/[wit͡ʃizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йичизехъинро
/[jit͡ʃizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бичизехъинро
/[bit͡ʃizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
ричизехъинро
/[rit͡ʃizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вичеяв
/[wit͡ʃejaw]/
0
|
йичеяй
/[jit͡ʃejaj]/
0
|
бичеяб
/[bit͡ʃejab]/
0
|
ричеял
/[rit͡ʃejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вичарав
0
|
йичарай
1
|
бичараб
27
|
ричарал
15
|
| Ergative |
вичарас
0
|
йичаралъ
0
|
бичаралъ
0
|
ричараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вичарасул
0
|
йичаралъул
0
|
бичаралъул
0
|
ричаразул
1
|
| Dative |
вичарасе
0
|
йичаралъе
0
|
бичаралъе
0
|
ричаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вичарасда
0
|
йичаралъда
0
|
бичаралъда
0
|
ричаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вичарасде
0
|
йичаралъде
0
|
бичаралъде
0
|
ричаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вичарасдаса
0
|
йичаралъдаса
0
|
бичаралъдаса
0
|
ричараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вичарасдасан
0
|
йичаралъдасан
0
|
бичаралъдасан
0
|
ричараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вичарасухъ
0
|
йичаралъухъ
0
|
бичаралъухъ
1
|
ричаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вичарасухъе
0
|
йичаралъухъе
0
|
бичаралъухъе
0
|
ричаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вичарасухъа
0
|
йичаралъухъа
0
|
бичаралъухъа
0
|
ричаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вичарасухъан
0
|
йичаралъухъан
0
|
бичаралъухъан
0
|
ричаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вичарасулъ
0
|
йичаралъулъ
0
|
бичаралъулъ
0
|
ричаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вичарасулъе
0
|
йичаралъулъе
0
|
бичаралъулъе
0
|
ричаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вичарасулъа
0
|
йичаралъулъа
0
|
бичаралъулъа
0
|
ричаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вичарасулъан
0
|
йичаралъулъан
0
|
бичаралъулъан
0
|
ричаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вичарасукь
0
|
йичаралъукь
0
|
бичаралъукь
0
|
ричаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вичарасукье
0
|
йичаралъукье
0
|
бичаралъукье
0
|
ричаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вичарасукьа
0
|
йичаралъукьа
0
|
бичаралъукьа
0
|
ричаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вичарасукьан
0
|
йичаралъукьан
0
|
бичаралъукьан
0
|
ричаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вичун
/[wit͡ʃun]/
🔒
12
|
йичун
/[jit͡ʃun]/
🔒
6
|
бичун
/[bit͡ʃun]/
🔒
360
|
ричун
/[rit͡ʃun]/
🔒
154
|
| Adverbial Past |
вичун
/[wit͡ʃun]/
🔒
12
|
йичун
/[jit͡ʃun]/
🔒
6
|
бичун
/[bit͡ʃun]/
🔒
360
|
ричун
/[rit͡ʃun]/
🔒
154
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вичичӀого
/[wit͡ʃit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йичичӀого
/[jit͡ʃit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бичичӀого
/[bit͡ʃit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
7
|
ричичӀого
/[rit͡ʃit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
2
|
| Adverbial General |
вичулаго
/[wit͡ʃulago]/
0
|
йичулаго
/[jit͡ʃulago]/
0
|
бичулаго
/[bit͡ʃulago]/
🔒
2
|
ричулаго
/[rit͡ʃulago]/
🔒
3
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вичуларого
/[wit͡ʃularogo]/
0
|
йичуларого
/[jit͡ʃularogo]/
0
|
бичуларого
/[bit͡ʃularogo]/
0
|
ричуларого
/[rit͡ʃularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вичи
/[wit͡ʃi]/
0
|
йичи
/[jit͡ʃi]/
🔒
1
|
бичи
/[bit͡ʃi]/
🔒
18
|
ричи
/[rit͡ʃi]/
🔒
15
|
| Infinitive |
вичизе
/[wit͡ʃize]/
🔒
2
|
йичизе
/[jit͡ʃize]/
0
|
бичизе
/[bit͡ʃize]/
🔒
195
|
ричизе
/[rit͡ʃize]/
🔒
76
|
| Causative |
вичизавизе
/[wit͡ʃizawize]/
0
|
йичизайизе
/[jit͡ʃizajize]/
0
|
бичизабизе
/[bit͡ʃizabize]/
0
|
ричизаризе
/[rit͡ʃizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вичизавуларо
/[wit͡ʃizawularo]/
0
|
йичизайуларо
/[jit͡ʃizajularo]/
0
|
бичизабуларо
/[bit͡ʃizabularo]/
0
|
ричизаруларо
/[rit͡ʃizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вичиаризе
/[wit͡ʃijarize]/
0
|
йичиаризе
/[jit͡ʃijarize]/
0
|
бичиаризе
/[bit͡ʃijarize]/
0
|
ричиаризе
/[rit͡ʃijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вичиариларо
/[wit͡ʃijarilaro]/
0
|
йичиариларо
/[jit͡ʃijarilaro]/
0
|
бичиариларо
/[bit͡ʃijarilaro]/
0
|
ричиариларо
/[rit͡ʃijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вич-вичизе
/[wit͡ʃ-wit͡ʃize]/
0
|
йич-йичизе
/[jit͡ʃ-jit͡ʃize]/
0
|
бич-бичизе
/[bit͡ʃ-bit͡ʃize]/
0
|
рич-ричизе
/[rit͡ʃ-rit͡ʃize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вич-вичиларо
/[wit͡ʃ-wit͡ʃilaro]/
0
|
йич-йичиларо
/[jit͡ʃ-jit͡ʃilaro]/
0
|
бич-бичиларо
/[bit͡ʃ-bit͡ʃilaro]/
0
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рич-ричиларо
/[rit͡ʃ-rit͡ʃilaro]/
0
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