Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
(за)смеяться, засмеяться, рассмеяться
English
to laugh; to laugh, to start laughing
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: belhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
System Information
Database ID
82
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-01-07 15:13
Attestation Count
7
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
велъана
/[weɬana]/
🔒
24
|
йелъана
/[jeɬana]/
0
елъана
/[ʔeɬana]/
🔒
14
|
белъана
/[beɬana]/
🔒
5
|
релъана
/[reɬana]/
🔒
16
|
| Past Simple Negative |
велъичӀо
/[weɬit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йелъичӀо
/[jeɬit͡ʃʼo]/
0
елъичӀо
/[ʔeɬit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
белъичӀо
/[beɬit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
релъичӀо
/[reɬit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
велъила
/[weɬila]/
🔒
1
|
йелъила
/[jeɬila]/
0
елъила
/[ʔeɬila]/
0
|
белъила
/[beɬila]/
🔒
2
|
релъила
/[reɬila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
велъиларо
/[weɬilaro]/
0
|
йелъиларо
/[jeɬilaro]/
0
елъиларо
/[ʔeɬilaro]/
0
|
белъиларо
/[beɬilaro]/
0
|
релъиларо
/[reɬilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
велъула
/[weɬula]/
🔒
5
|
йелъула
/[jeɬula]/
0
елъула
/[ʔeɬula]/
🔒
2
|
белъула
/[beɬula]/
🔒
1
|
релъула
/[reɬula]/
🔒
6
|
| Constative Negative |
велъуларо
/[weɬularo]/
🔒
2
|
йелъуларо
/[jeɬularo]/
0
елъуларо
/[ʔeɬularo]/
0
|
белъуларо
/[beɬularo]/
0
|
релъуларо
/[reɬularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
велъулаан
/[weɬulajan]/
🔒
3
|
йелъулаан
/[jeɬulajan]/
0
елъулаан
/[ʔeɬulajan]/
0
|
белъулаан
/[beɬulajan]/
0
|
релъулаан
/[reɬulajan]/
🔒
6
|
| Remote Past Negative |
велъулароан
/[weɬularojan]/
0
|
йелъулароан
/[jeɬularojan]/
0
елъулароан
/[ʔeɬularojan]/
0
|
белъулароан
/[beɬularojan]/
0
|
релъулароан
/[reɬularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
велъе
/[weɬe]/
🔒
0
|
йелъе
/[jeɬe]/
0
елъе
/[ʔeɬe]/
0
|
белъе
/[beɬe]/
🔒
0
|
релъе
/[reɬe]/
🔒
1
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
велъуге
/[weɬuge]/
🔒
2
|
йелъуге
/[jeɬuge]/
0
елъуге
/[ʔeɬuge]/
0
|
белъуге
/[beɬuge]/
0
|
релъуге
/[reɬuge]/
0
|
| Optative |
велъеги
/[weɬegi]/
0
|
йелъеги
/[jeɬegi]/
0
елъеги
/[ʔeɬegi]/
0
|
белъеги
/[beɬegi]/
0
|
релъеги
/[reɬegi]/
🔒
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
велъугеги
/[weɬugegi]/
0
|
йелъугеги
/[jeɬugegi]/
0
елъугеги
/[ʔeɬugegi]/
0
|
белъугеги
/[beɬugegi]/
0
|
релъугеги
/[reɬugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
велъизин
/[weɬizin]/
0
|
йелъизин
/[jeɬizin]/
0
елъизин
/[ʔeɬizin]/
0
|
белъизин
/[beɬizin]/
0
|
релъизин
/[reɬizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
велъани
/[weɬani]/
0
|
йелъани
/[jeɬani]/
0
елъани
/[ʔeɬani]/
0
|
белъани
/[beɬani]/
0
|
релъани
/[reɬani]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
велъичӀони
/[weɬit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йелъичӀони
/[jeɬit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
елъичӀони
/[ʔeɬit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
белъичӀони
/[beɬit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
релъичӀони
/[reɬit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
велъанищ
/[weɬaniʃː]/
0
|
йелъанищ
/[jeɬaniʃː]/
0
елъанищ
/[ʔeɬaniʃː]/
0
|
белъанищ
/[beɬaniʃː]/
0
|
релъанищ
/[reɬaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
велъичӀищ
/[weɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йелъичӀищ
/[jeɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
елъичӀищ
/[ʔeɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
белъичӀищ
/[beɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
релъичӀищ
/[reɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
велъулищ
/[weɬuliʃː]/
0
|
йелъулищ
/[jeɬuliʃː]/
0
елъулищ
/[ʔeɬuliʃː]/
0
|
белъулищ
/[beɬuliʃː]/
0
|
релъулищ
/[reɬuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
велъуларищ
/[weɬulariʃː]/
0
|
йелъуларищ
/[jeɬulariʃː]/
0
елъуларищ
/[ʔeɬulariʃː]/
0
|
белъуларищ
/[beɬulariʃː]/
0
|
релъуларищ
/[reɬulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
велъилищ
/[weɬiliʃː]/
0
|
йелъилищ
/[jeɬiliʃː]/
0
елъилищ
/[ʔeɬiliʃː]/
0
|
белъилищ
/[beɬiliʃː]/
0
|
релъилищ
/[reɬiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
велъиларищ
/[weɬilariʃː]/
0
|
йелъиларищ
/[jeɬilariʃː]/
0
елъиларищ
/[ʔeɬilariʃː]/
0
|
белъиларищ
/[beɬilariʃː]/
0
|
релъиларищ
/[reɬilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
велъарав
/[weɬaraw]/
🔒
1
|
йелъарай
/[jeɬaraj]/
0
елъарай
/[ʔeɬaraj]/
0
|
белъараб
/[beɬarab]/
🔒
46
|
релъарал
/[reɬaral]/
🔒
73
|
| Past Participle Negative |
велъичӀев
/[weɬit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йелъичӀей
/[jeɬit͡ʃʼej]/
0
елъичӀей
/[ʔeɬit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
белъичӀеб
/[beɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
релъичӀел
/[reɬit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
велъулев
/[weɬulew]/
🔒
6
|
йелъулей
/[jeɬulej]/
🔒
1
елъулей
/[ʔeɬulej]/
0
|
белъулеб
/[beɬuleb]/
🔒
8
|
релъулел
/[reɬulel]/
🔒
23
|
| Present Participle Negative |
велъуларев
/[weɬularew]/
0
|
йелъуларей
/[jeɬularej]/
0
елъуларей
/[ʔeɬularej]/
0
|
белъулареб
/[beɬulareb]/
0
|
релъуларел
/[reɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
велъилев
/[weɬilew]/
0
|
йелъилей
/[jeɬilej]/
0
елъилей
/[ʔeɬilej]/
0
|
белъилеб
/[beɬileb]/
0
|
релъилел
/[reɬilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
велъиларев
/[weɬilarew]/
0
|
йелъиларей
/[jeɬilarej]/
0
елъиларей
/[ʔeɬilarej]/
0
|
белъилареб
/[beɬilareb]/
0
|
релъиларел
/[reɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
велъизехъин
/[weɬizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йелъизехъин
/[jeɬizeq͡χːin]/
0
елъизехъин
/[ʔeɬizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
белъизехъин
/[beɬizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
релъизехъин
/[reɬizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
велъизехъинро
/[weɬizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йелъизехъинро
/[jeɬizeq͡χːinro]/
0
елъизехъинро
/[ʔeɬizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
белъизехъинро
/[beɬizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
релъизехъинро
/[reɬizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
велъеяв
/[weɬejaw]/
0
|
йелъеяй
/[jeɬejaj]/
0
елъеяй
/[ʔeɬejaj]/
0
|
белъеяб
/[beɬejab]/
0
|
релъеял
/[reɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
велъарав
1
|
йелъарай
0
елъарай
0
|
белъараб
46
|
релъарал
73
|
| Ergative |
велъарас
0
|
йелъаралъ
0
елъаралъ
0
|
белъаралъ
0
|
релъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
велъарасул
0
|
йелъаралъул
0
елъаралъул
0
|
белъаралъул
0
|
релъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
велъарасе
0
|
йелъаралъе
0
елъаралъе
0
|
белъаралъе
0
|
релъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
велъарасда
0
|
йелъаралъда
0
елъаралъда
0
|
белъаралъда
0
|
релъаразда
1
|
| Allative (-де) |
велъарасде
0
|
йелъаралъде
0
елъаралъде
0
|
белъаралъде
0
|
релъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
велъарасдаса
0
|
йелъаралъдаса
0
елъаралъдаса
0
|
белъаралъдаса
0
|
релъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
велъарасдасан
0
|
йелъаралъдасан
0
елъаралъдасан
0
|
белъаралъдасан
0
|
релъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
велъарасухъ
0
|
йелъаралъухъ
0
елъаралъухъ
0
|
белъаралъухъ
0
|
релъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
велъарасухъе
0
|
йелъаралъухъе
0
елъаралъухъе
0
|
белъаралъухъе
0
|
релъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
велъарасухъа
0
|
йелъаралъухъа
0
елъаралъухъа
0
|
белъаралъухъа
0
|
релъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
велъарасухъан
0
|
йелъаралъухъан
0
елъаралъухъан
0
|
белъаралъухъан
0
|
релъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
велъарасулъ
0
|
йелъаралъулъ
0
елъаралъулъ
0
|
белъаралъулъ
0
|
релъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
велъарасулъе
0
|
йелъаралъулъе
0
елъаралъулъе
0
|
белъаралъулъе
0
|
релъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
велъарасулъа
0
|
йелъаралъулъа
0
елъаралъулъа
0
|
белъаралъулъа
0
|
релъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
велъарасулъан
0
|
йелъаралъулъан
0
елъаралъулъан
0
|
белъаралъулъан
0
|
релъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
велъарасукь
0
|
йелъаралъукь
0
елъаралъукь
0
|
белъаралъукь
0
|
релъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
велъарасукье
0
|
йелъаралъукье
0
елъаралъукье
0
|
белъаралъукье
0
|
релъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
велъарасукьа
0
|
йелъаралъукьа
0
елъаралъукьа
0
|
белъаралъукьа
0
|
релъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
велъарасукьан
0
|
йелъаралъукьан
0
елъаралъукьан
0
|
белъаралъукьан
0
|
релъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
велъун
/[weɬun]/
🔒
12
|
йелъун
/[jeɬun]/
0
елъун
/[ʔeɬun]/
🔒
4
|
белъун
/[beɬun]/
🔒
42
|
релъун
/[reɬun]/
🔒
37
|
| Adverbial Past |
велъун
/[weɬun]/
🔒
12
|
йелъун
/[jeɬun]/
0
елъун
/[ʔeɬun]/
🔒
4
|
белъун
/[beɬun]/
🔒
42
|
релъун
/[reɬun]/
🔒
37
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
велъичӀого
/[weɬit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
1
|
йелъичӀого
/[jeɬit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
елъичӀого
/[ʔeɬit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
белъичӀого
/[beɬit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
релъичӀого
/[reɬit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
велъулаго
/[weɬulago]/
🔒
19
|
йелъулаго
/[jeɬulago]/
0
елъулаго
/[ʔeɬulago]/
🔒
7
|
белъулаго
/[beɬulago]/
0
|
релъулаго
/[reɬulago]/
🔒
4
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
велъуларого
/[weɬularogo]/
0
|
йелъуларого
/[jeɬularogo]/
0
елъуларого
/[ʔeɬularogo]/
0
|
белъуларого
/[beɬularogo]/
0
|
релъуларого
/[reɬularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
велъи
/[weɬi]/
🔒
1
|
йелъи
/[jeɬi]/
0
елъи
/[ʔeɬi]/
🔒
3
|
белъи
/[beɬi]/
0
|
релъи
/[reɬi]/
🔒
68
|
| Infinitive |
велъизе
/[weɬize]/
🔒
6
|
йелъизе
/[jeɬize]/
0
елъизе
/[ʔeɬize]/
🔒
2
|
белъизе
/[beɬize]/
🔒
7
|
релъизе
/[reɬize]/
🔒
17
|
| Causative |
велъизавизе
/[weɬizawize]/
🔒
3
|
йелъизайизе
/[jeɬizajize]/
0
елъизайизе
/[ʔeɬizajize]/
0
|
белъизабизе
/[beɬizabize]/
0
|
релъизаризе
/[reɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
велъизавуларо
/[weɬizawularo]/
0
|
йелъизайуларо
/[jeɬizajularo]/
0
елъизайуларо
/[ʔeɬizajularo]/
0
|
белъизабуларо
/[beɬizabularo]/
0
|
релъизаруларо
/[reɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
велъиаризе
/[weɬijarize]/
0
|
йелъиаризе
/[jeɬijarize]/
0
елъиаризе
/[ʔeɬijarize]/
0
|
белъиаризе
/[beɬijarize]/
0
|
релъиаризе
/[reɬijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
велъиариларо
/[weɬijarilaro]/
0
|
йелъиариларо
/[jeɬijarilaro]/
0
елъиариларо
/[ʔeɬijarilaro]/
0
|
белъиариларо
/[beɬijarilaro]/
0
|
релъиариларо
/[reɬijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
велъ-велъизе
/[weɬ-weɬize]/
0
|
йелъ-йелъизе
/[jeɬ-jeɬize]/
0
елъ-елъизе
/[ʔeɬ-eɬize]/
0
|
белъ-белъизе
/[beɬ-beɬize]/
0
|
релъ-релъизе
/[reɬ-reɬize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
велъ-велъиларо
/[weɬ-weɬilaro]/
0
|
йелъ-йелъиларо
/[jeɬ-jeɬilaro]/
0
елъ-елъиларо
/[ʔeɬ-eɬilaro]/
0
|
белъ-белъиларо
/[beɬ-beɬilaro]/
0
|
релъ-релъиларо
/[reɬ-reɬilaro]/
0
|