Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
кашлять
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qeghdize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
187275
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
2
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːeʕdulew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʕdulej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʕduleb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʕdulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːeʕdulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʕdulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʕduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʕdulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хъегӀдана
[q͡χːeʕdana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъегӀдичӀо
[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъегӀдила
[q͡χːeʕdila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъегӀдиларо
[q͡χːeʕdilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъегӀдула
[q͡χːeʕdula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъегӀдуларо
[q͡χːeʕdularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъегӀдулаан
[q͡χːeʕdulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъегӀдулароан
[q͡χːeʕdularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъегӀде
[q͡χːeʕde]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъегӀдуге
[q͡χːeʕduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъегӀдеги
[q͡χːeʕdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъегӀдугеги
[q͡χːeʕdugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъегӀдизин
[q͡χːeʕdizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъегӀдани
[q͡χːeʕdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъегӀдичӀони
[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъегӀданищ
[q͡χːeʕdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъегӀдичӀищ
[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъегӀдулищ
[q͡χːeʕduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъегӀдуларищ
[q͡χːeʕdulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъегӀдилищ
[q͡χːeʕdiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъегӀдиларищ
[q͡χːeʕdilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъегӀдарав
/[q͡χːeʕdaraw]/
0
|
хъегӀдарай
/[q͡χːeʕdaraj]/
0
|
хъегӀдараб
/[q͡χːeʕdarab]/
0
|
хъегӀдарал
/[q͡χːeʕdaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъегӀдичӀев
/[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хъегӀдичӀей
/[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хъегӀдичӀеб
/[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хъегӀдичӀел
/[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъегӀдулев
/[q͡χːeʕdulew]/
0
|
хъегӀдулей
/[q͡χːeʕdulej]/
0
|
хъегӀдулеб
/[q͡χːeʕduleb]/
0
|
хъегӀдулел
/[q͡χːeʕdulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъегӀдуларев
/[q͡χːeʕdularew]/
0
|
хъегӀдуларей
/[q͡χːeʕdularej]/
0
|
хъегӀдулареб
/[q͡χːeʕdulareb]/
0
|
хъегӀдуларел
/[q͡χːeʕdularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъегӀдилев
/[q͡χːeʕdilew]/
0
|
хъегӀдилей
/[q͡χːeʕdilej]/
0
|
хъегӀдилеб
/[q͡χːeʕdileb]/
0
|
хъегӀдилел
/[q͡χːeʕdilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъегӀдиларев
/[q͡χːeʕdilarew]/
0
|
хъегӀдиларей
/[q͡χːeʕdilarej]/
0
|
хъегӀдилареб
/[q͡χːeʕdilareb]/
0
|
хъегӀдиларел
/[q͡χːeʕdilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъегӀдизехъин
[q͡χːeʕdizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъегӀдизехъинро
[q͡χːeʕdizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъегӀдеяв
/[q͡χːeʕdejaw]/
0
|
хъегӀдеяй
/[q͡χːeʕdejaj]/
0
|
хъегӀдеяб
/[q͡χːeʕdejab]/
0
|
хъегӀдеял
/[q͡χːeʕdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъегӀдарав
0
|
хъегӀдарай
0
|
хъегӀдараб
0
|
хъегӀдарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хъегӀдарас
0
|
хъегӀдаралъ
0
|
хъегӀдаралъ
0
|
хъегӀдараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъегӀдарасул
0
|
хъегӀдаралъул
0
|
хъегӀдаралъул
0
|
хъегӀдаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъегӀдарасе
0
|
хъегӀдаралъе
0
|
хъегӀдаралъе
0
|
хъегӀдаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъегӀдарасда
0
|
хъегӀдаралъда
0
|
хъегӀдаралъда
0
|
хъегӀдаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъегӀдарасде
0
|
хъегӀдаралъде
0
|
хъегӀдаралъде
0
|
хъегӀдаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъегӀдарасдаса
0
|
хъегӀдаралъдаса
0
|
хъегӀдаралъдаса
0
|
хъегӀдараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъегӀдарасдасан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъдасан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъдасан
0
|
хъегӀдараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъегӀдарасухъ
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъ
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъ
0
|
хъегӀдаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъегӀдарасухъе
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъе
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъе
0
|
хъегӀдаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъегӀдарасухъа
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъа
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъа
0
|
хъегӀдаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъегӀдарасухъан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъухъан
0
|
хъегӀдаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъегӀдарасулъ
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъ
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъ
0
|
хъегӀдаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъегӀдарасулъе
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъе
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъе
0
|
хъегӀдаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъегӀдарасулъа
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъа
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъа
0
|
хъегӀдаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъегӀдарасулъан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъулъан
0
|
хъегӀдаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъегӀдарасукь
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукь
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукь
0
|
хъегӀдаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъегӀдарасукье
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукье
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукье
0
|
хъегӀдаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъегӀдарасукьа
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукьа
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукьа
0
|
хъегӀдаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъегӀдарасукьан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукьан
0
|
хъегӀдаралъукьан
0
|
хъегӀдаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъегӀдун
[q͡χːeʕdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъегӀдун
[q͡χːeʕdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъегӀдичӀого
[q͡χːeʕdit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъегӀдулаго
[q͡χːeʕdulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъегӀдуларого
[q͡χːeʕdularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъегӀди
[q͡χːeʕdi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъегӀдизе
[q͡χːeʕdize]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Causative |
хъегӀдизавизе
/[q͡χːeʕdizawize]/
0
|
хъегӀдизайизе
/[q͡χːeʕdizajize]/
0
|
хъегӀдизабизе
/[q͡χːeʕdizabize]/
0
|
хъегӀдизаризе
/[q͡χːeʕdizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъегӀдизавуларо
/[q͡χːeʕdizawularo]/
0
|
хъегӀдизайуларо
/[q͡χːeʕdizajularo]/
0
|
хъегӀдизабуларо
/[q͡χːeʕdizabularo]/
0
|
хъегӀдизаруларо
/[q͡χːeʕdizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъегӀдиаризе
[q͡χːeʕdijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъегӀдиариларо
[q͡χːeʕdijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъегӀд-хъегӀдизе
[q͡χːeʕd-q͡χːeʕdize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъегӀд-хъегӀдиларо
[q͡χːeʕd-q͡χːeʕdilaro]
0
|
|||