Phonology syllables, stress, spelling Show ▾ Hide ▴
- Transcription
- [ˈru.kʼːi.ne]
- Plain keyboard
- ruk'k'ine · ASCII, no special letters
- Syllables
- ру·кӀкӀи·не · 3 syllables
- Sound pattern
- CV.CV.CV · C = consonant, V = vowel
- Latin spelling
- rukʼkʼine
Syllables, stress pattern and Latin spelling are worked out from the spelling by rule.
Meaning
-
to grow dark, become dusk, turn twilight
(с)темнеть; смеркаться
Grammar what kind of word it is, and how it behaves Show ▾ Hide ▴
Morphology and grammar info 176 stored forms · Grey means we worked it out by rule, not from a text. Show ▾ Hide ▴
Some forms below are generated from rules and may be wrong — green “verified” forms are confirmed in the corpus. Learn more
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
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|
Present negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
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| Past simple |
рукӀкӀана
🔒
5
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| Past simple negative |
рукӀкӀинчӀо
0
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| Future simple |
рукӀкӀина
0
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| Future simple negative |
рукӀкӀинаро
🔒
1
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| Constative |
рукӀкӀуна
🔒
2
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| Constative negative |
рукӀкӀунаро
0
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|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
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| Remote Present |
—
0
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
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| Remote Past |
рукӀкӀунаан
0
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| Remote Past Negative |
рукӀкӀунароан
0
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|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
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Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
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Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
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Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
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Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
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Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
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Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
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Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
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Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
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Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
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Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
рукӀкӀа
0
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| Imperative (alternative) |
—
0
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| Prohibitive |
рукӀкӀунге
0
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| Optative |
рукӀкӀаги
0
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| Prohibitive Optative |
рукӀкӀунгеги
0
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| Hortative |
рукӀкӀинин
0
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|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
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| Conditional |
рукӀкӀани
0
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| Conditional Negative |
рукӀкӀинчӀони
0
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|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
рукӀкӀанищ
0
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|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
рукӀкӀинчӀищ
0
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|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
рукӀкӀунищ
0
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|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
рукӀкӀунарищ
0
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|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
рукӀкӀинищ
0
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|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
рукӀкӀинарищ
0
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Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past participle |
рукӀкӀарав
0
|
рукӀкӀарай
0
|
рукӀкӀараб
🔒
23
|
рукӀкӀарал
🔒
2
|
| Past participle negative |
рукӀкӀинчӀев
0
|
рукӀкӀинчӀей
0
|
рукӀкӀинчӀеб
0
|
рукӀкӀинчӀел
0
|
| Present participle |
рукӀкӀунев
0
|
рукӀкӀуней
0
|
рукӀкӀунеб
🔒
15
|
рукӀкӀунел
🔒
2
|
| Present participle negative |
рукӀкӀунарев
0
|
рукӀкӀунарей
0
|
рукӀкӀунареб
0
|
рукӀкӀунарел
0
|
| Future participle |
рукӀкӀинев
0
|
рукӀкӀиней
0
|
рукӀкӀинеб
0
|
рукӀкӀинел
0
|
| Future participle negative |
рукӀкӀинарев
0
|
рукӀкӀинарей
0
|
рукӀкӀинареб
0
|
рукӀкӀинарел
0
|
| Intentional participle |
рукӀкӀинехъин
0
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| Intentional participle negative |
рукӀкӀинехъинро
0
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| Optative Participle |
рукӀкӀаяв
0
|
рукӀкӀаяй
0
|
рукӀкӀаяб
0
|
рукӀкӀаял
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
рукӀкӀарав
0
|
рукӀкӀарай
0
|
рукӀкӀараб
23
|
рукӀкӀарал
2
|
| Ergative |
рукӀкӀарас
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъ
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъ
0
|
рукӀкӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
рукӀкӀарасул
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъул
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъул
0
|
рукӀкӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
рукӀкӀарасе
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
рукӀкӀарасда
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъда
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъда
0
|
рукӀкӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
рукӀкӀарасде
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъде
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъде
0
|
рукӀкӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
рукӀкӀарасдаса
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъдаса
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъдаса
0
|
рукӀкӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
рукӀкӀарасдасан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъдасан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъдасан
0
|
рукӀкӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
рукӀкӀарасухъ
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъ
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъ
0
|
рукӀкӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
рукӀкӀарасухъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
рукӀкӀарасухъа
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъа
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъа
0
|
рукӀкӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
рукӀкӀарасухъан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъухъан
0
|
рукӀкӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
рукӀкӀарасулъ
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъ
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъ
0
|
рукӀкӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
рукӀкӀарасулъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъе
0
|
рукӀкӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
рукӀкӀарасулъа
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъа
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъа
0
|
рукӀкӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
рукӀкӀарасулъан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъулъан
0
|
рукӀкӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
рукӀкӀарасукь
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукь
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукь
0
|
рукӀкӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
рукӀкӀарасукье
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукье
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукье
0
|
рукӀкӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
рукӀкӀарасукьа
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукьа
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукьа
0
|
рукӀкӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
рукӀкӀарасукьан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукьан
0
|
рукӀкӀаралъукьан
0
|
рукӀкӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past gerund (converb) |
рукӀкӀун
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial present / simultaneous |
рукӀкӀун
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial present / simultaneous negative |
рукӀкӀинчӀого
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial general |
рукӀкӀунаго
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial general negative |
рукӀкӀунарого
0
|
|||
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
рукӀкӀин
🔒
4
|
|||
| Infinitive |
рукӀкӀине
🔒
5
|
|||
| Causative |
рукӀкӀинавизе
0
|
рукӀкӀинайизе
0
|
рукӀкӀинабизе
0
|
рукӀкӀинаризе
🔒
3
|
| Causative Negative |
рукӀкӀинавуларо
0
|
рукӀкӀинайуларо
0
|
рукӀкӀинабуларо
0
|
рукӀкӀинаруларо
0
|
| Durative |
рукӀкӀанхъизе
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
рукӀкӀанхъиларо
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀине
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
рукӀкӀ-рукӀкӀинаро
0
|
|||
Usage examples 1 set expression · 3 sentences from real texts Show ▾ Hide ▴
Set expressions idioms, proverbs, collocations Show ▾ Hide ▴
-
стемнеть, смеркаться; наступить сумеркам
Idiom
From the corpus sentences from real texts Show ▾ Hide ▴
-
РукӀкӀинегӀан хӀалтӀана ниж гьенир.
До темноты (пока не стемнело) работали мы там.
-
маркӀачӀул бер рукӀкӀине
стемнеть, смеркаться; наступить сумеркам
-
рогьаралдаса рукӀкӀинегӀан
с утра до вечера
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Some forms are worked out by rule and can be wrong. If you speak Avar, your correction is worth more than the algorithm.